26 research outputs found
Grape (Vitis vinifera) seeds from Antiquity and the Middle Ages Excavated in Hungary - LM and SEM analysis
Grape (Vitis vinifera) seed remains were excavated at Roman and Medieval archeological sites in Hungary and analyzed by LM (Light Microscopy) and SEM (Scanning Electron
Microscopy). Excavation sites included Budapest (Aquincum; 2nd - 4th CENT. A.D. Hungary) and Keszthely (FenĂ©kpuszta) of the Roman Age (5th CENT. A.D., Hungary); and Gyır (Ece; 11-12th CENT. A.D., Hungary), Debrecen (13th CENT. A.D., Hungary) and the Kingâs Palace of ĂrpĂĄd Dinasty at the Castle of Buda, Budapest (15th CENT. A.D., Hungary) of the Middle Ages. Ancient seeds were compared to thirty current grape varieties of similar seed size, shape, and morphology
(SzabĂł et al. 2007ÂŽ). The modern grape variety Vitis vinifera cv. âkĂ©k bakatorâ (syn.:âBlue Bocca dâOroâ;
âaranybogyĂłâ) was found most similar in seed morphology to one of the ancient samples (15th CENT. Debrecen, Hungary) which indicates the antiquity of this cultivar
Proceedings of the First International Conference on Agri-Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology held in Budapest, Hungary September 20â22, 2011
Response of glutathione conjugation system to soil borne Rhizoctonia infection of okra
Okra seedlings tolerated soil-borne Rhizoctonia infection in strain dependent manner. No connection was revealed between pathogenicity of strains and their origin or taxonomic position. However, the okra proved to be susceptible to strains highly pathogenic to other host plants as well. R. zeae, a species new to European flora, was as aggressive to okra as the most potent R. solani strains. The effect of Rhizoctonia infection was more prominent on mass accumulation in hypocotyls than in cotyledons. The protein content and glutathione S-transferase activity increased in parallel with the evolution of disease syndrome. Metalaxyl, an acetanilide type systemic antioomycete fungicide induced glutathione S-transferase activity in cotyledons with 24 hours a phase, and this induction was more outstanding in symptomless seedlings grown in Rhizoctonia infested soil. It might be concluded, that the stress response of plants in tolerant host/parasite pair takes effect at higher level than in susceptible relationships
Boron and zinc uptake of cucurbits â Field test and in silico approach
Total mineral uptake capacity of zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L. cv. giromontiina) grown in an experimental field at GödöllĆ was studied. The mineral content of the soil (brown acidic sandy forest soil) showed unexpectedly high content (mg kgâ1 DW) of Ba (95.5), Cr (32.9), Ni (27.8), Pb (15.4) and Zn (53.3). Boron (B) concentration of the soil was relatively low (7.1 mg kgâ1 DW), but its bioaccumulation content in root, (2.5) shoot, (33.1) and leaf (50.1) tissues of the plant (mg kgâ1 DW). Zinc (Zn) was also bioaccumulated in the plant with contents (mg kgâ1 DW) of 47.1 (roots), 23.0 (shoots) and 56.1 (leaves) as compared with 53.3 (in the soil). Toxic element exclusion was observed in zucchini (mg kgâ1 DW) concerning Ba (29.0), Co (0.2), Cr (5.3), Ni (5.8) and Pb (3.4) measured in the roots when compared with their concentrations in the soil: Ba (95.5), Co (10.2), Cr (32.9), Ni (27.8) and Pb (15.4). In silico sequence analyses of nucleotide and amino acid sequences of aquaporins (NIP, TIP, SIP and Si-TRP), boron-exporters (BOR), and rbcL of cpDNA revealed plant species with high sequence similarities to the sequences of Cucurbits, which predicted additional plants with intensive mineral (B and Zn) uptake capacity, similar to Cucurbits with phytoextraction potential
Triggering of a plant molecular defense mechanism: Increase in gene expression levels of transgene gsh I and poplar gene gsh 1 ( Populus Ă canescens ) by response to the DNA demethylating drug DHAC â an qRT-PCR analysis
As DNA methylation patterns are inherited (âepigenetic memoryâ) gshI transgenic poplar (PopulusĂcanescens) clones (11
ggs
and 6
Lgl
) were treated with the DNA demethylating drug DHAC (5,6-dihydro-5âČ-azacytidine hydrochloride) at 10â4
M for 7 days in order to study acquired plant molecular defense mechanisms in novel plant sources. In this study, the response of relative gene expression levels of transgene
gsh
I and poplar gene
gsh
1 to DHAC treatment were analyzed by qRT-PCR (
q
uantitative
r
everse
t
ranscriptase PCR). High expression levels of transgene
gsh
I were observed in the 6
Lgl
clone (13.5-fold increase) compared to 11
ggs
(1.0) sample. The expression level doubled (1.8-fold increase) in the DHAC-treated 6
Lgl
samples but not in the 11
ggs
clone (0.4-fold). Contrary to this, the relative copy number of transgene
gsh
I in the 6
Lgl
clone was found to be 60% less (1.0) than in the 11
ggs
sample (1.6). Relative expression level of endogenous poplar gene
gsh
1 showed significantly higher responsiveness to DHAC-induced demethylation than the transgene
gsh
I with the highest expression level in the untransformed WT poplar (19.7-fold increase) compared to transformed clones of 6
Lgl
(8.7-fold increase) and 11
ggs
(2.5-fold increase), respectively. Competition in the reactivation capacity between transgene
gsh
I and poplar
gsh
1 of 6
Lgl
clone was also observed as the relative gene expression level of transgene
gsh
I increased from a high relative expression level (13.5) up by about twofold (1.8 times) rate (to 23.7) compared to poplar
gsh
1 gene that increased by an 8.7 increment from a lower level (1.6 rel. expression) to 13.9