The Generalizability of Older Adult Self-Report (OASR) Syndromes of Psychopathology Across 20 Societies

OBJECTIVES: As the world population ages, psychiatrists will increasingly need instruments for measuring constructs of psychopathology that are generalizable to diverse elders. The study tested whether syndromes of co-occurring problems derived from self-ratings of psychopathology by US elders would fit self-ratings by elders in 19 other societies. METHODS/DESIGN: The Older Adult Self-Report (OASR) was completed by 12,826 60- to 102-year-olds in 19 societies from North and South America, Asia, and Eastern, Northern, Southern, and Western Europe, plus the US. Individual and multi-group confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) tested the fit of the 7-syndrome OASR model, consisting of the Anxious/Depressed, Worries, Somatic Complaints, Functional Impairment, Memory/Cognition Problems, Thought Problems, and Irritable/Disinhibited syndromes. RESULTS: In individual CFAs, the primary model fit index showed good fit for all societies, while the secondary model fit indices showed acceptable to good fit. The items loaded strongly on their respective factors, with a median item loading of .63 across the 20 societies; and 98.7% of the loadings were statistically significant. In multi-group CFAs, 98% of items demonstrated approximate or full metric invariance. Fifteen percent of items demonstrated approximate or full scalar invariance and another 59% demonstrated scalar invariance across more than half of societies. CONCLUSIONS: The findings supported the generalizability of OASR syndromes across societies. The seven syndromes offer empirically-based clinical constructs that are relevant for elders of different backgrounds. They can be used to assess diverse elders, and as a taxonomic framework to facilitate communication, services, research and training in geriatric psychiatry. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

Cartoons for Adults ─ Specific Nowaday Media. The Television Company "20th Century Fox Television" cartoon "The Simpsons" as Mirror of the USA Culture

Darbā galvenais vadmotīvs ir animācija pieaugušajiem kā alternatīvs izteiksmes veids, ar kura palīdzību mākslinieks (animators) var neierobežoti izpaust savu fantāziju. Darbā plaši apskatīta animācijas vēsture, dažādas animācijas tehnikas, animācijas pieaugušajiem pazīmes, cenzūras un ētikas jautājumi, kino un animācijas mijiedarbība, gūts ieskats pasaulē atzītos, populāros animācijas seriālos un filmās. Atsevišķi analizēts ASV animācijas seriāls „The Simpsons” kā uzskatāms piemērs animācijas žanra fenomenam. Būtiskākās animācijas pieaugušajiem iezīmes: apzināta mērķauditorijas izvēle, lamu vārdi, pornogrāfija, erotika, vardarbība un humors par tabu tēmām.The theme of the particular Bachelor’s Paper is animation for adults as an alternative means of expression allowing an artist (animator) to manifest his fantasy without any limits. Animation history, different animation techniques, characteristic traits of adult animation, issues of censorship and ethics, as well as interaction between film and animation have been widely explored in this Paper. The author has also given an insight into globally known popular animated shows and films. Special attention has been paid to the USA animated sit-com „The Simpsons” as an example of the phenomenon of the animation genre. The most important traits of the animation for adults are the following: choice of a particular target audience, swearwords, pornography, erotica, violence and humour about taboo themes

The fictitions and simulated transaction

Bakalaura darba nosaukums ir ,,Fiktīvi un simulatīvi darījumi”. Mūsdienu pasaulē fiktīvi un simulatīvi darījumi ir ļoti bieži sastopami dažādu iemeslu dēļ, piemēram, slēpjot īpašumu no kreditoriem, izvairoties no nodokļiem, maksātnespējas procesos un citos veidos, parasti – apejot citu personu likumīgās intereses. Tomēr nošķirt fiktīvus un simulatīvus darījumus no pārējiem darījumiem nav viegli ne tikai pierādīšanas grūtību dēļ, bet dažreiz arī atbilstošu juridisko instrumentu trūkuma dēļ. Šis bakalaura darbs atbild uz jautājumu, kas ir fiktīvie un simulatīvie darījumi un kādas ir to tiesiskās sekas. Minētā mērķa sasniegšanai izvirzīti šādi uzdevumi: 1)noskaidrot fiktīvu un simulatīvu darījumu jēdzienu būtību un juridisko dabu, tiesību normu priekšrakstus attiecībā uz fiktīvu un simulatīvu darījumu tiesiskajām sekām; 2)izpētīt juridiskās prakses materiālus, lai noskaidrotu fiktīvo un simulatīvo darījumu izmantošanu praksē; 3) apzināt teorētiskā un praktiskā rakstura problēmas, kas saistītas ar fiktīvo un simulatīvo darījumu apstrīdēšanu tiesā; 4) sniegt priekšlikumus normatīvajos aktos nepieciešamajām izmaiņām, lai atvieglotu šādu darījumu apstrīdēšanu. Bakalaura darbā izmantoti juridiskie avoti latviešu un vācu valodā.The topic of this bachelor's thesis is ,,The fictitious and simulated transactions”. In the modern world fictitious and simulated transactions are very common for a variety of reasons, such as hiding property from creditors, evasion of taxes, insolvency proceedings and other ways, usually for bypassing other person's legal interests. But to separate fictitious and simulated transactions from other type of transactions is not always easy, not only because of the difficulties of proof, but sometimes also because of the absence of appropriate legal instruments. This bachelor's thesis addresses the question of what is the concept of fictitious and simulated transactions and what are the legal consequences of them. In order to achieve the above mentioned objectives in this bachelor's thesis, the tasks were set as follows: 1)to find out the essence and legal nature of the concepts of fictitious and simulated transactions, the legal norms for the legal consequences of fictitious and simulated transactions; 2)to explore legal literature and other sources, regarding fictitious and simulated transactions in legal praxis; 3)to find out theoretical and practical problems regarding bringing an action of fictitious and simulated transactions through court proceedings; 4)to offer solutions for making easier to bring an action of fictitious and simulated transactions to court. Throughout this bachelor's thesis are used legal sources in Latvian and German

Saistiba starp pieauguso piesaistes veidiem, bernibas vardarbibas pieredzi un vardarbibu partnerattiecibas

The aim of this current study was to examine the relationships among adult attachment styles, childhood abuse experience and physical violence between partners in intimate relatioships. 197 hetreosexual male and female participants aged 25-50 completed measures of childhood abuse history and adult attachment styles (secure, preoccupied, fearful and dismissive). 56 (29%) respondents reported physical violence in their current intimate relationships. Results indicated that experience of childhood physical, sexual or emotional abuse, and insecure adult attachment style was related to involvement in a violent partner relationship. Multiple regression analysis showed that a history of childhood physical abuse experience was the most significant predictor of being involved in a violent relationship, and a second significant predictor was Preoccupied attachment style. These findings highlight the importance of attachment theory, adult attachment style and childhood history of abuse in understanding the dynamics of domestic violence.Abstract in Latvian and English. Separate summary in Latvian and English, 43 p.Available from Latvian Academic Library / LAL - Latvian Academic LibrarySIGLELVLatvi

The Difference in the Level of Remembering Depending on the Format of the Text (On Screen vs. Printed). Experimental Research of Reading Habits of High School Students

Šajā darbā pētīts viens no datora un interneta ietekmes aspektiem uz uztveres procesiem: iespējamā ietekme uz cilvēka uztveri jeb precīzāk – atmiņu. Patlaban mediju lietotāji var izvēlēties divus dažādus vai pat vairākus kanālus medija uztveršanai. Darba mērķis ir izpētīt, vai iegaumēšanas līmenis atšķiras, ja cilvēks to uztver tradicionālā kanālā (šajā gadījumā – drukātā formātā), vai arī konverģentā kanālā (šajā gadījumā – datora ekrānā tiešsaistē lasot medija PDF versiju). Teorētiskajā daļā apkopoti iepriekš veiktie pētījumi šajā jomā, kā arī teorētiskais mediju konverģences rāmējums. Metodoloģiskā daļa apraksta eksperimentālā pētījuma izstrādi skolēnu iegaumēšanas līmeņa pārbaudei. Empīriskā daļa apkopo pētījuma norisi un rezultātus. Secinājumu daļā apspoguļots pētījuma rezultātu un metodoloģijas pielietojuma vērtējums.The author of this paper investigates whether there exists any difference between the levels of remembering comparing the information that has been obtained via a traditional media channel (in this case – printed on paper) and a convergent media channel (in this case – the PDF version on the computer screen). The review of prior researches carried out in this field and the theoretical framing of media convergence are included in the theoretical chapter of this paper. The work on experimental methodology for measuring the remembering levels of high school students is included in the methodological chapter. The empirical section and conclusions consist of the description of the procedure of the experimental research, and the description and evaluation of results and the usage of methodology

Netektį patyrusių Latvijos moterų emocinės patirties ir krizės įveikimo bendrieji ir skiriamieji aspektai

The goal of the qualitative research is to investigate common and diverse aspects of the emotional experience of loss caused by death of a close person and divorce as well as to discover crisis coping categories in these situations being reflected in women narratives. Crisis experience have been investigated by analyses of partly structurised interviews of women with experience of loss of a close person and 8 women with experience of divorce. The emotional, cognitive, physical and behavioral changes have been investigated. The information obtained gives the background of understanding of common and diverse aspects in emotional experience in both kinds of losses such as reaction to crisis, although significant contextual differences have been indicated within the process of grieving and divorce and corresponding to it - emotional experience. Using the hermeneutical way of data analyses, three categories of crisis coping methods have been indicated: mental revision, mutual activities and use of personal resources thus characterizing significant aspects of crisis coping process. The sub-systems created within framework of three categories makes united system reflecting crisis as multidimensional process of different kinds of internal and external aspects.Straipsnyje aptariamas kokybinis tyrimas, kuriuo siekta išsiaiškinti netektį patyrusiu moterų emocinius išgyvenimus, taip pat nustatyti netekties sukeltos krizės įveikimo strategijas, kurias atskleidžia moterų pasakojimu kategorijos. Tirti emociniai, kognityviniai, fiziniai bei elgesio pokyčiai, būdingi moterims, patyrusioms netektį. Surinkta informacija leidžia atskleisti bendruosius ir skiriamuosius emocinės patirties ir krizės įveikimo aspektus. Nustatyti esminiai kontekstiniai skirtumai, būdingi gedėjimo ir skyrybų išgyvenimams. Remiantis hermeneutikos principais, išskirtos trys krizės įvardijimo ir įveikimo budy kategorijos: mentalinis koregavimas, asmeniniu ištekliu aktyvinimas ir panaudojimas siekiant susilpninti išgyvenimus. Šias kategorijas atitinkančių elgesio ir nuostatų subsistemų, kurios laipsniškai jungiamos į vientisą, reagavimą į krizę lemiančią sistemą, sukūrimas leidžia sėkmingai įveikti krizę. Moterų emocinės patirties įveikiant krizes tyrimas rodo, kad krizė yra įvairialypis vyksmas, kurio įveikimas gali būti aprašytas savitomis kategorijomis. Jas žymintys procesai padeda arba stabdo krizės, sukeltos netekties, įveikimą

Homework in Cognitive Behavioral Supervision : Theoretical Background and Clinical Application

Funding Information: This paper was supported by the research grant VEGA no. APVV-15-0502 Psychological, psychophysiological and anthropometric correlates of cardiovascular diseases. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 Prasko et al.The homework aims to generalize the patient’s knowledge and encourage practicing skills learned during therapy sessions. Encouraging and facilitating homework is an important part of supervisees in their supervision, and problems with using homework in therapy are a common supervision agenda. Supervisees are encouraged to conceptualize the patient’s lack of homework and promote awareness of their own beliefs and responses to non-cooperation. The supervision focuses on homework twice – first as a part of the supervised therapy and second as a part of the supervision itself. Homework assigned in supervision usually deals with mapping problems, monitoring certain behaviors (mostly communication with the patient), or implementing new behaviors in therapy.publishersversionPeer reviewe