Land use and land cover change detection study at Sukinda valley using remote sensing and GIS

Sukinda valley is known for its chromite deposit which accounts for 97 percent of the India’s total chromium reserve. But the chromium found here being hexavalent in nature, possesses health risk to the people residing in the area. Therefore, it becomes indispensable to monitor the changes in the mining activities of the area and to regulate them. The present study was therefore undertaken to analyze the land cover and land use change that has taken place in Sukinda valley between 1975 and 2005 using Remote Sensing data and GIS by mapping land cover and land use. The land cover and land use study was conducted by mapping LANDSAT data of three different years (1975, 1992, 2005) with the help of ERDAS and Quantum GIS. The result of the work shows a rapid growth in mining between 1975 and 2005 at the cost of decrease in forest area

A profile of heart failure patients in a tertiary care centre in Eastern India

Background: Epidemiological data regarding profile of heart failure in India is lacking. So this study was done to assess the epidemiological profile of heart failure patients in eastern India. Aim of the study was to assess the epidemiological profile of heart failure patients in this part of country.Methods: Total 1000 outdoor and indoor patients presented with symptoms and signs of heart failure according to Framingham criteria were studied.Results: Age of onset of HF is lower than western country. IHD is the commonest cause of HF. Diabetes and hypertensions are important risk factors.Conclusions: Earlier detection and treatment of hypertension and diabetes mellitus might have greater impact in reducing the burden of HF in this part of country

Association of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and coronary artery disease

Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a feature of metabolic syndrome is a highly prevalent condition worldwide. Patients with NAFLD have a higher mortality when compared to general population. Many investigators have shown a close relationship between NAFLD and cardiovascular disease which contributes to the total mortality associated with NAFLD particularly in Western population. This study was therefore conducted to evaluate whether NAFLD independently affects angio-graphically proven coronary artery disease in Asians.Methods: The severity assessment of fatty liver disease was done by ultrasonography and was graded with increased severity from 0 to 4. Coronary angiography was performed to detect the presence or absence of significant coronary artery disease and modified Gensisni score, which determines the severity of coronary atherosclerotic involvement in individual patients was calculated.Results: Statistical analysis showed that Fatty liver disease was significantly higher in patients with significant coronary artery disease than in non-significant coronary artery disease group. When analyzed on basis on severity of fatty liver disease, modified Gensini score was significantly higher in group with fatty liver grade 2-3 than in group with fatty liver grade 0 or 1. Logistic regression analysis further showed that severity of fatty liver disease had independent effect on coronary atherosclerotic involvement.Conclusions: From our current study it can be reasonably said that NAFLD may be an independent risk factor for developing arteriosclerosis. This hypothesis should be verified with larger studies in different population groups

Assessment of serum nitrate-nitrite ratio vis-a-vis insulin sensitivity and resistance in type 2 diabetics in a tertiary hospital in Eastern India

Background: Insulin Resistance is of paramount importance in the pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus along with endothelial dysfunction is mediated by Nitric Oxide (NO). Central to this endothelial dysfunction is the action of Insulin on the Nitric oxide synthase enzyme. Since NO cannot be measured because of its short half-life, metabolites of NO (namely nitrite and nitrate) are measured towards assessing their relationship along with different direct and surrogate markers of insulin resistance in patients of Diabetes Mellitus attending a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India. Aim of the study was to assess the level of Insulin resistance with the direct and surrogate markers of insulin resistance in patients of Diabetes Mellitus attending a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India.Methods: Blood samples from newly diagnosed Type 2 Diabetic patients were assayed for fasting and postprandial sugar and insulin, lipid profile and serum nitrate and nitrite and different anthropological parameters were measured. After that, HOMA-IR and QUICKI’ index were measured.Results: Values of anthropological parameters and the direct and surrogate markers of insulin resistance showed statistically significant difference between cases and controls. Bivariate analysis of post-prandial blood glucose showed strong co-relation with HOMA-IR while serum total nitrate-nitrite ratio showed a strong co-relation with QUICKI.Conclusions: Serum nitrate-nitrite ratio showed a strong co-relation with HOMA-IR and QUICKI. The significance of this study lies in the fact that measurement of the serum nitrate-nitrite may give an idea of the level of insulin resistance of a diabetic patient

Zaciskające zapalenie osierdzia imitujące ciężką restenozę zastawki mitralnej u chorego po leczeniu chirurgicznym choroby reumatycznej serca

Pericardial constriction is a rare, but well documented complication following cardiac surgery. It has been reported following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), cardiac surgery for congenital heart diseases and very rarely following closed mitral commissurotomy. We hereby report a case of chronic constrictive pericarditis following closed mitral commissurotomy mimicking mitral restenosis with refractory heart failure

Missing left main ostio-proximal coronary artery disease during angiography using tiger catheter

Coronary angiography by right radial artery route using Optitorque Tiger catheter is on the rise given the low rate of local complications and feasibility to perform it as a day-care procedure. We report here a case of coronary angiography performed using Optitorque Tiger catheter (5-French) which resulted in a diagnostic error, missing the ostio-proximal left main coronary artery disease which was later detected using EBU 3.5 guide catheter (7-French) while performing angioplasty

A profile of heart failure patients in a tertiary care centre in Eastern India

Background: Epidemiological data regarding profile of heart failure in India is lacking. So this study was done to assess the epidemiological profile of heart failure patients in eastern India. Aim of the study was to assess the epidemiological profile of heart failure patients in this part of country.Methods: Total 1000 outdoor and indoor patients presented with symptoms and signs of heart failure according to Framingham criteria were studied.Results: Age of onset of HF is lower than western country. IHD is the commonest cause of HF. Diabetes and hypertensions are important risk factors.Conclusions: Earlier detection and treatment of hypertension and diabetes mellitus might have greater impact in reducing the burden of HF in this part of country

A multi-retailer supply chain model with backorder and variable production cost

The modern marketing environment involves variability and randomness within the numerous parties of any supply chain network. Thus, formation of a supply chain model including multiple buyers and variable production rate is more acceptable than assuming a single-buyer with constant production rate model. This paper considers a supply chain network, where a single-vendor manufactures products in a batch production process and supplies them to a set of buyers over multiple times. Instead of assuming a fixed production rate, as commonly used in the literature, a variable production rate is introduced by the vendor and the production cost of the vendor is treated as a function of production rate. The continuous review inventory model is applied for multiple buyers to inspect inventory levels and a crashing cost is incurred by all buyers to reduce their lead times. The lead time demand follows a normal distribution. The unsatisfied demands at the buyers end are partially backordered. A model is formulated to minimize the joint expected cost of the vendor-buyers supply chain system. A classical optimization technique is utilized to solve the model. An improved algorithm is developed to obtain the numerical solution of the model. Finally, numerical examples are given to illustrate the model