Integration als kommunales Politikfeld: Entstehungsbedingungen, Problemlagen und Modelle

'Der Artikel versucht, Integration als kommunales Politikfeld näher zu beleuchten und dessen mögliche zukünftige Bedeutung zu skizzieren. Ausgehend von einem Verständnis von Integration als zweiseitigem Prozess wird vor allem auf Leistungen der Aufnahmegesellschaft fokussiert, die eine notwendige Voraussetzung für die (aktive) Integration der Zugewanderten sind. Daher wird gefragt, wie Kommunen gestalterisch tätig werden, um den Zielen Chancengleichheit, rechtliche Gleichstellung und kulturelle Vielfalt näher zu kommen. Dazu werden Einschätzungen von politisch-administrativen EntscheidungsträgerInnen zum Thema Integration in niederösterreichischen Gemeinden, deren Problemsicht und Unterstützungsbedürfnisse sowie kommunale Konzepte und Maßnahmen herangezogen, die in kommunalen Integrationsleitbildern erarbeitet wurden. Auch die Wahrnehmung von Zugewanderten ist Gegenstand des Beitrags. Basierend auf diesen Daten und den Erfahrungen aus der Leitbildentwicklung werden ausgewählte Aspekte des Entstehungsprozesses und der Entstehungsbedingungen des kommunalen Politikfelds Integration diskutiert.' (Autorenreferat)'The article deals with the policy field of integration at community level and attempts to highlight ramifications for future developments in communities and cities. Integration is understood as a two-way-process, but the focus is placed on the efforts of the receiving society, which represents a necessary precondition for an (active) integration of immigrants. Therefore, strategies undertaken by communities or municipalities to achieve equal opportunity, equality under law and an understanding of cultural diversity are presented. The analysis is based on concepts as well as measures developed in the context of the process of drafting guidelines for integration in communities and municipalities in Lower Austria. The survey addressed relevant policy makers and asked for their assessment of: the current status quo conditions of integration, an identification of challenges as well as needs for support at community level. For the development of integration policy also the perceptions of the majority population about immigrants are important. Referring to the analysed data and experiences that were gained during the process of developing integration guidelines, the authors also discuss some aspects of the processes and preconditions of integration policy development at community level.' (author's abstract)

Differential Production of Macrophage Inflammatory Protein 1γ (MIP-1γ), Lymphotactin, and MIP-2 by CD4(+) Th Subsets Polarized In Vitro and In Vivo

Due to differential expression of chemokine receptors, the Th1 and Th2 subsets of CD4(+) T cells differ in their migratory responses to chemokines. These differences in the migration patterns are likely to play a role in the initiation and regulation of Th1 and Th2 immune responses, inflammatory processes, and T-cell-mediated pathology. In the present study we evaluated the role of activated Th cells as producers of chemokines. Three different sources of murine Th cells were used, i.e., long-term-cultured Th1 and Th2 cell clones, Th1 and Th2 cells differentiated from naïve CD4(+) spleen and lymph node cells in vitro, and Th1 and Th2 subsets polarized in vivo using a murine experimental Leishmania major infection model. Following stimulation with anti-CD3, macrophage inflammatory protein 1γ (MIP-1γ) and lymphotactin were produced selectively by Th1 cells but not by Th2 cells. In contrast, only Th2 cells produced MIP-2. The possible biological relevance of these data was substantiated by the finding that in vivo-polarized Th1 cells, but not Th2 cells, produced MIP-1γ and lymphotactin while in vivo-polarized Th2 cells secreted MIP-2. The above data demonstrate that Th1 and Th2 cells differ in their ability to produce chemokines, suggesting that Th1 and Th2 subsets differentially contribute to recruitment of cells into inflammatory foci

Ubiquitous Gammaproteobacteria dominate dark carbon fixation in coastal sediments

Marine sediments are the largest carbon sink on earth. Nearly half of dark carbon fixation in the oceans occurs in coastal sediments, but the microorganisms responsible are largely unknown. By integrating the 16S rRNA approach, single-cell genomics, metagenomics and transcriptomics with (14)C-carbon assimilation experiments, we show that uncultured Gammaproteobacteria account for 70-86% of dark carbon fixation in coastal sediments. First, we surveyed the bacterial 16S rRNA gene diversity of 13 tidal and sublittoral sediments across Europe and Australia to identify ubiquitous core groups of Gammaproteobacteria mainly affiliating with sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. These also accounted for a substantial fraction of the microbial community in anoxic, 490-cm-deep subsurface sediments. We then quantified dark carbon fixation by scintillography of specific microbial populations extracted and flow-sorted from sediments that were short-term incubated with (14)C-bicarbonate. We identified three distinct gammaproteobacterial clades covering diversity ranges on family to order level (the Acidiferrobacter, JTB255 and SSr clades) that made up >50% of dark carbon fixation in a tidal sediment. Consistent with these activity measurements, environmental transcripts of sulfur oxidation and carbon fixation genes mainly affiliated with those of sulfur-oxidizing Gammaproteobacteria. The co-localization of key genes of sulfur and hydrogen oxidation pathways and their expression in genomes of uncultured Gammaproteobacteria illustrates an unknown metabolic plasticity for sulfur oxidizers in marine sediments. Given their global distribution and high abundance, we propose that a stable assemblage of metabolically flexible Gammaproteobacteria drives important parts of marine carbon and sulfur cycles

DO MULTI-GRIP HANDS INCREASE FUNCTION AND PATIENT SATISFACTION WHEN COMPARED TO TRADITIONAL MYOELECTRIC HANDS?

INTRODUCTION Myoelectric hands progressed from single grip hands (traditional myoelectric devices (TH)) to be multi-grip hands (MGH) which are hypothesized to bring more degrees of freedom, greater range of motion and improved grasping capabilities1,2. Their impact on patients’ lives has been documented in only a few case studies. The Strategic Consortium for Upper Limb Prosthetic Technologies (SCULPT) aims to assess the potential benefits MGH with respect to function and  patient satisfaction compared to TH systems. Abstract PDF  Link: https://jps.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/cpoj/article/view/32049/24463 How to cite: Popovic I, Cutti A, Ryan T, Schaefer M, Andres E, Wuestefeld D, Winkler C, Baun K, Bischof B, Braatz F, Miguelez J, Conyers D, Hahn A. DO MULTI-GRIP HANDS INCREASE FUNCTION AND PATIENT SATISFACTION WHEN COMPARED TO TRADITIONAL MYOELECTRIC HANDS? CANADIAN PROSTHETICS & ORTHOTICS JOURNAL, VOLUME 1, ISSUE 2, 2018; ABSTRACT, POSTER PRESENTATION AT THE AOPA’S 101ST NATIONAL ASSEMBLY, SEPT. 26-29, VANCOUVER, CANADA, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33137/cpoj.v1i2.32049 Abstracts were Peer-reviewed by the AOPA 2018 National Assembly Scientific Committee

DO MULTI-GRIP HANDS INCREASE FUNCTION AND PATIENT SATISFACTION WHEN COMPARED TO TRADITIONAL MYOELECTRIC HANDS?

INTRODUCTION Myoelectric hands progressed from single grip hands (traditional myoelectric devices (TH)) to be multi-grip hands (MGH) which are hypothesized to bring more degrees of freedom, greater range of motion and improved grasping capabilities1,2. Their impact on patients’ lives has been documented in only a few case studies. The Strategic Consortium for Upper Limb Prosthetic Technologies (SCULPT) aims to assess the potential benefits MGH with respect to function and  patient satisfaction compared to TH systems. Abstract PDF  Link: https://jps.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/cpoj/article/view/32049/24463 How to cite: Popovic I, Cutti A, Ryan T, Schaefer M, Andres E, Wuestefeld D, Winkler C, Baun K, Bischof B, Braatz F, Miguelez J, Conyers D, Hahn A. DO MULTI-GRIP HANDS INCREASE FUNCTION AND PATIENT SATISFACTION WHEN COMPARED TO TRADITIONAL MYOELECTRIC HANDS? CANADIAN PROSTHETICS & ORTHOTICS JOURNAL, VOLUME 1, ISSUE 2, 2018; ABSTRACT, POSTER PRESENTATION AT THE AOPA’S 101ST NATIONAL ASSEMBLY, SEPT. 26-29, VANCOUVER, CANADA, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33137/cpoj.v1i2.32049 Abstracts were Peer-reviewed by the American Orthotic Prosthetic Association (AOPA) 101st National Assembly Scientific Committee.  http://www.aopanet.org

Environ Microbiol

Members of the Bacteroidetes, formerly known as the Cytophaga-Flavobacteria-Bacteroides (CFB) phylum, are among the major taxa of marine heterotrophic bacterioplankton frequently found on macroscopic organic matter particles (marine snow). In addition, they have been shown to also represent a significant part of free-living microbial assemblages in nutrient-rich microenvironments. Their abundance and distribution pattern in combination with enzymatic activity studies has led to the notion that organisms of this group are specialists for degradation of high molecular weight compounds in both the dissolved and particulate fraction of the marine organic matter pool, implying a major role of Bacteroidetes in the marine carbon cycle. Despite their ecological importance, comprehensive molecular data on organisms of this group have been scarce so far. Here we report on the first whole genome analysis of a marine Bacteroidetes representative, 'Gramella forsetii' KT0803. Functional analysis of the predicted proteome disclosed several traits which in joint consideration suggest a clear adaptation of this marine Bacteroidetes representative to the degradation of high molecular weight organic matter, such as a substantial suite of genes encoding hydrolytic enzymes, a predicted preference for polymeric carbon sources and a distinct capability for surface adhesion

NR4A3 suppresses lymphomagenesis through induction of proapoptotic genes

Abstract Nuclear orphan receptor NR4A1 exerts an essential tumor suppressor function in aggressive lymphomas. In this study, we investigated the hypothesized contribution of the related NR4A family member NR4A3 to lymphomagenesis. In aggressive lymphoma patients, low expression of NR4A3 was associated with poor survival. Ectopic expression or pharmacological activation of NR4A3 in lymphoma cell lines led to a significantly higher proportion of apoptotic cells. In a mouse NSG xenograft model of lymphoma (stably transduced SuDHL4 cells), NR4A3 expression abrogated tumor growth, compared with vector control and uninduced cells that formed massive tumors. Transcript analysis of four different aggressive lymphoma cell lines overexpressing either NR4A3 or NR4A1 revealed that apoptosis was driven similarly by induction of BAK, Puma, BIK, BIM, BID, and Trail. Overall, our results showed that NR4A3 possesses robust tumor suppressor functions of similar impact to NR4A1 in aggressive lymphomas. Cancer Res; 77(9); 2375–86. ©2017 AACR.</jats:p