Parent’s Perception about Girls Education and Students’ Dropout Rate in Selected Primary Schools of Hadiya Zone, Ethiopia

The purpose of this study was to examine parent’s perception about girls’ education and to identify girls’ to boys’ dropout rate ratios of students in Weyra Boshera and Weyra Lalo primary schools of Hadiya Zone. A total of 130 households were selected using systematic random sampling technique from two selected kebeles (smallest administrative organs). Simple descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, and ratios were used to analyze the collected data. The findings indicated that boys were given better appreciation and support than girl students by their family members for education though parents perceive that girls education is also important. The findings also showed that the dropout rate of girl students were greater than boy students in the schools due to multiple household duty responsibilities of girls and minimized appreciation towards girls from the parents. It is suggested to bring more attitudinal change from parents’ side to give their girls and boys equal appreciation and support without gender bias for reducing dropout rates of girls from school

Impacts of crossbreed dairy cow adoption on women dietary diversity in southwestern Ethiopia

Most of agricultural technology increases women's labor burdens without associated benefits. This paper envisages one of the dairy technology types “crossbreed dairy cow” adoption and its impacts on women's nutrition security in Southwestern Ethiopia. The quasi experimental research design was applied by using the quantitative and qualitative cross sectional data. To get specific study area and the study respondents (266 women) we applied a multi-stage sampling procedure. Data was collected through interview schedule; focused group discussion and key informant interview. Descriptive statistics, Binary logit and Propensity Score Matching (PSM) were used to analyze the data. The study results showed that crossbreed dairy cow adoption was found to be affected by age, education level, livestock size, training participation, mobile phone ownership, and cooperative membership significantly and positively. Meanwhile, dairy production experience and market distance affected negatively. About 58.6% of women reached minimum dietary diversity for women (MDD-W) and the mean of women's dietary diversity score (WDDS) is 6.1 ± 2. The result of PSM indicated that the adoption of crossbreed dairy cows has increased the dietary diversity of women by 15.6%. In general, crossbreed dairy cow adoption have a positive and significant influence on women's nutrition security. Therefore, scaling up of crossbreed cows should be strengthened in the study area. The paper can add empirical evidence to the adoption of dairy technology for the improvement of women's nutrition security

Prevalence, years lived with disability, and trends in anaemia burden by severity and cause, 1990–2021: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Background: Anaemia is a major health problem worldwide. Global estimates of anaemia burden are crucial for developing appropriate interventions to meet current international targets for disease mitigation. We describe the prevalence, years lived with disability, and trends of anaemia and its underlying causes in 204 countries and territories. Methods: We estimated population-level distributions of haemoglobin concentration by age and sex for each location from 1990 to 2021. We then calculated anaemia burden by severity and associated years lived with disability (YLDs). With data on prevalence of the causes of anaemia and associated cause-specific shifts in haemoglobin concentrations, we modelled the proportion of anaemia attributed to 37 underlying causes for all locations, years, and demographics in the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Findings: In 2021, the global prevalence of anaemia across all ages was 24·3% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 23·9–24·7), corresponding to 1·92 billion (1·89–1·95) prevalent cases, compared with a prevalence of 28·2% (27·8–28·5) and 1·50 billion (1·48–1·52) prevalent cases in 1990. Large variations were observed in anaemia burden by age, sex, and geography, with children younger than 5 years, women, and countries in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia being particularly affected. Anaemia caused 52·0 million (35·1–75·1) YLDs in 2021, and the YLD rate due to anaemia declined with increasing Socio-demographic Index. The most common causes of anaemia YLDs in 2021 were dietary iron deficiency (cause-specific anaemia YLD rate per 100 000 population: 422·4 [95% UI 286·1–612·9]), haemoglobinopathies and haemolytic anaemias (89·0 [58·2–123·7]), and other neglected tropical diseases (36·3 [24·4–52·8]), collectively accounting for 84·7% (84·1–85·2) of anaemia YLDs. Interpretation: Anaemia remains a substantial global health challenge, with persistent disparities according to age, sex, and geography. Estimates of cause-specific anaemia burden can be used to design locally relevant health interventions aimed at improving anaemia management and prevention. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation