Bayesian cluster analysis in STRUCTURE.

<p>(A) The average cluster membership (over 20 runs) for K = 2 of microsatellite genotypes of <i>C</i>. <i>a</i>. <i>labiatus</i> and <i>C</i>. <i>a</i>. <i>erythrarchus</i>. (B) Example bar plots of runs where k = 2 and k = 3. (C) Example histograms from STRUCTURE analysis for K = 2 and K = 3 where only <i>C</i>. <i>a</i>. <i>erythrarchus</i> individuals are included. Each individual is represented by a single horizontal line, with lengths proportional to the estimated membership in each cluster.</p

Microsatellite-based fixation indices.

<p>Standardized fixation indices and Jost’s (D_EST) estimate of differentiation based on the two recognized subspecies and between populations defined as the four clusters identified in the spatially independent analyses (all P<0.001). G_ST (Nei 1973) and φ_ST (Hudson et al. 1992) based on the two subspecies and four populations (both P<0.001).</p><p>Microsatellite-based fixation indices.</p

Total number of hairs found per colour category across the three geographic locations: Inland (Soutpansberg Mountain, Magoebaskloof), Coast (Cape Vidal, Sodwana) and HB (Hogsback).

<p>Total number of hairs found per colour category across the three geographic locations: Inland (Soutpansberg Mountain, Magoebaskloof), Coast (Cape Vidal, Sodwana) and HB (Hogsback).</p

Maximum Parsimony reduced-median haplotype networks.

<p>(a) Combined 16S and cyt b data, (b) 16S data and (c) cytochrome b data. The sizes of circles, and numbers in circles, represent the number of individuals sharing a haplotype, red circles represent missing haplotypes, and tick marks along connecting lines are nucleotide changes. Numbers in bold along the connecting lines are bootstrap support.</p

Genetic variation estimates.

<p>The sample size (N, mean across microsatellite loci and for combined mtDNA genes), number of alleles (N_a±SE), number of effective alleles (N_eA), observed (H_O) and expected (H_E) heterozygosities, and unbiased expected heterozygosity (uH_E) over all loci; the number of haplotypes (h), haplotype diversity (Hd), nucleotide diversity (π), and average number of nucleotide differences (k) are given for the combined 16S and Cyt b dataset (911 bp). Populations are defined as the currently recognised subspecies (in bold) as well as among four populations of samango monkeys.</p><p>Genetic variation estimates.</p

Three different colour categories identified for samango hair samples from different geographic locations.

<p>(A). (i) Cape Vidal (dark yellow category), (ii) Soutpansberg Mountain (light yellow category), (iii) Hogsback (white category).The image also illustrates the typical, alternating dark and light banding of hairs. B to D: Comparisons of pelage colouration between samango monkeys from three geographic locations. B: Adult female, Soutpansberg (Inland) (photo: Birthe Linden), C: Adult female, Cape Vidal (Coast) (photo: Joan Chalmers), D: Adult female, Hogsback (Hogsback) (photo: Kirsten Wimberger).</p

PCA of log-transformed morphometric variables.

<p>(A) adult male and (B) female samangos from five populations (closed squares = Soutpansberg Mountain (SM); open squares = Cape Vidal (CV); closed triangle = Sodwana Bay (SDB); open diamonds = Hogsback (HB); closed circles—Magoebaskloof (MK). (C) Pearson’s Correlation between hair length and number of bands per hair from all study sites. (D) Boxplots illustrating variation of hair length between three different geographic locations (Coast = Cape Vidal, Sodwana Bay, HB = Hogsback and Inland = Soutpansberg Mountain, Magoebaskloof.</p

AMOVA-based estimates of population differentiation based on microsatellites.

<p>Pairwise F_ST (R_ST values indicated in brackets) values estimated during AMOVA (below diagonal) and the associated probabilities (above diagonal).</p><p>AMOVA-based estimates of population differentiation based on microsatellites.</p

bi4africa dataset - open source

The bii4africa dataset is presented in a multi-spreadsheet .ods file. The raw data spreadsheet (‘Scores_Raw’) includes 31,313 individual expert estimates of the impact of a sub-Saharan African land use on a species response group of terrestrial vertebrates or vascular plants. Estimates are reported as intactness scores - the remaining proportion of an ‘intact’ reference (pre-industrial or contemporary wilderness area) population of a species response group in a land use, on a scale from 0 (no individuals remain) through 0.5 (half the individuals remain), to 1 (same as the reference population) and, in limited cases, to 2 (two or more times the reference population). For species that thrive in human-modified landscapes, scores could be greater than 1 but not exceeding 2 to avoid extremely large scores biasing aggregation exercises. Expert comments are included alongside respective estimates

bii4africa dataset

The bii4africa dataset is presented in a multi-spreadsheet .xlsx file. The raw data spreadsheet (‘Scores_Raw’) includes 31,313 individual expert estimates of the impact of a sub-Saharan African land use on a species response group of terrestrial vertebrates or vascular plants. Estimates are reported as intactness scores - the remaining proportion of an ‘intact’ reference (pre-industrial or contemporary wilderness area) population of a species response group in a land use, on a scale from 0 (no individuals remain) through 0.5 (half the individuals remain), to 1 (same as the reference population) and, in limited cases, to 2 (two or more times the reference population). For species that thrive in human-modified landscapes, scores could be greater than 1 but not exceeding 2 to avoid extremely large scores biasing aggregation exercises. Expert comments are included alongside respective estimates