Position sensitivity in 3 × 3 LaBr3:Ce scintillators

The position sensitivity in a 33 LaBr 3:Ce crystal has been simulated using collimated beams of medium and high energy -rays. The simulations have been done using the GEANT4 libraries which allow to follow both the gamma ray interaction in the detector and the scintillation light up to the photocathode. In the simulations the crystal has been coupled to an ideal PSPMT and/or a shielded PMT. The results indicate that in the 3 3 crystal with darkened surfaces it should be possible to localize the first interaction point of a 662 keV gamma ray within 1 cm, in the case of diffusive surfaces the position sensitivity deteriorates but it is not destroyed. As expected, the position sensitivity improves as the -ray energy increases. The measurements generally confirm the results given by simulations. \ua9 2010 IEEE

Thrombopoietin receptor agonists for the treatment of primary immune thrombocytopenia : a meta-analysis and systematic review

Previous meta-analyses reported discordant results on the efficacy and safety of thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO-RA) as second-line treatment in patients with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). We conducted a meta-analysis of primary ITP treatment with the TPO-RA Romiplostim, Eltrombopag and Avatrombopag, including additional studies and relevant endpoints. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and cohort studies on TPO-RA in ITP published until December 31, 2018. The primary endpoints were: risk ratio (RR) of treatment failure and bleeding of WHO grade 652; rate of remission after discontinuation of treatment. The principal safety outcome was RR and incidence of thrombotic events and liver damage. From 1044 identified records we selected 16 RCTs and 19 cohort studies. RCTs included 909 patients assigned to TPO-RA and 427 to the control arm. Treatment failure was observed in 21% TPO-RA-treated patients and 47% control arm patients (RR = 0.42, 95% CI 0.33\u20130.53) in RCTs during a median follow-up of 13 weeks, and in 29% TPO-RA-treated patients in cohort studies, during a median follow-up of 69 weeks. The incidence of remission after TPO discontinuation was 18% (5\u201336%). RR of WHO grade 652 bleeding was 0.58 (0.38\u20130.86) in TPO-RA-treated patients, compared to control arm patients. Adverse events were rare and not significantly different in the two groups of patients. All-cause mortality was significantly lower with TPO-RA (RR 0.21, 95% CI, 0.06\u20130.68). In conclusion, TPO-RA are effective and safe in patients with ITP, even in the long term

Capillary leak syndrome : una rara causa di shock ipovolemico

Descrivere un caso di Capillary Laek Syndrome (CLS) per diffondere la conoscenza di una malattia, rara, potenzialmente fatale