Three-dimensional flow structure at fixed 70° open-channel confluence with bed discordance

This experimental study provides a characterization of the flow field created by bed discordance at a fixed 70∘ open-channel confluence on the basis of detailed free surface topography and three-component acoustic Doppler velocimetry measurements, which are contrasted with the results for a concordant bed junction. Due to bed discordance, the jet-like flow from the tributary is bent downstream to be aligned with the main channel axis. Underneath the tributary backward-facing step, separation occurs, producing negative vorticity along the main channel axis. A strong secondary motion downstream of the tributary junction is related to flow separation at the step and to flow release from the jet-like flow induced by a difference in the curvature of jet-like motion. A quantification of the terms in the equation of conservation of the longitudinal vorticity shows that the vortex stretching terms are sufficient to explain the development of the helical motion, which is thus classified as a secondary motion of Prandtl's first kind.Olga Birjukova Canelas received a grant from Universidade Técnica de Lisboa (UTL) from January 2013 to February 2014 and a PhD grant [SFRH/BD/52482/2014] from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) as a part of the H2Doc Doctoral Programme. The work with ADV instrumentation and the three-axis traverse system was partially funded by FEDER, program COMPETE, and by national funds through FCT [project PTDC/ECM/118775/2010]

Three dimensional flow field at confluent fixed-bed open channels

River confluences are known for their marked 3D patterns and, due to the complexity of local flow features and bed morphology, they require particular consideration. Although there are studies on the flow structure in junctions of two streams, amore detailed description of the flow patterns is still required. The objective of this work is to contribute to such description at river confluence for concordant bed, where both main and tributary channel beds have the same elevation. For that purpose, a set of experiments with fixed bed under quasi-uniform approach flow conditions was carried out. The experimental facility included a 12 m long and 1 m wide main channel, and a 4.5 m long and 0.15 m wide tributary channel. The confluence angle was 70° so as to represent common natural conditions and the discharge ratio between discharges in the tributary and in the main channel was kept constant. An Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV) with a side-looking configuration was used to measure the three components of flow velocity on a dense grid of measuring points, providing the accurate characterization of the mean flow and second-order velocity moments. The acquired data set constitutes the most refined characterization of river confluence flow structures known to date, due to the adopted temporal and spatial discretization, and may serve for the validation of 3D numerical models of complex confluent flows. Flow dynamics zones typical of confluent beds are present in the studied case. The separation zone limits the effective lateral flow cross-section, and, hence, results in the added acceleration of the mainstream flow near the downstream junction corner. The upward orientated vertical velocities of high magnitude were observed all along the separation zone

Methods for developing business games in foreign language classes at a medical university

The purpose of the study is to analyze the principles of developing a business game technology as well as to propose a methodology of developing an educational business game design and implementation in English for specific purposes at foreign language classes for medical students. The theoretical concept of business game design and development treats it as an advanced active learning technology compared to “traditional” technologies for formation of communicative and vocational competence of medical students at foreign language classes. The study was conducted at the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow. The pedagogic experiment involved 90 first-year students who entered the university in 2020. Students were proposed a business game "Medical checkup". The experimental research results elicited such positive aspects of application of business game technology as (a) creating an energizing atmosphere in the lesson; (b) consolidation of students’ knowledges after the role-played game activities; (c) preparation for vocational activity. However, the discussion of the study results recapitulation admits that business game cannot replace fully more traditional forms of teaching. The business game is an effective technology for applying the acquired knowledge in the situations occurring in vocational activity of a physician. It allows for the formation of foreign language vocational and communicative competence of students of medical specialties

Methods for developing business games in foreign language classes at a medical university

The purpose of the study is to analyze the principles of developing a business game technology as well as to propose a methodology of developing an educational business game design and implementation in English for specific purposes at foreign language classes for medical students. The theoretical concept of business game design and development treats it as an advanced active learning technology compared to “traditional” technologies for formation of communicative and vocational competence of medical students at foreign language classes. The study was conducted at the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow. The pedagogic experiment involved 90 first-year students who entered the university in 2020. Students were proposed a business game "Medical checkup". The experimental research results elicited such positive aspects of application of business game technology as (a) creating an energizing atmosphere in the lesson; (b) consolidation of students’ knowledges after the role-played game activities; (c) preparation for vocational activity. However, the discussion of the study results recapitulation admits that business game cannot replace fully more traditional forms of teaching. The business game is an effective technology for applying the acquired knowledge in the situations occurring in vocational activity of a physician. It allows for the formation of foreign language vocational and communicative competence of students of medical specialties