Ispitivanje antioksidacijske aktivnosti ekstrakta sjemenki sikavice i prevencije oksidacijskog oštećenja DNA i proteina te peroksidacije lipida

Antioxidant properties of ethanol extract of Silybum marianum (milk thistle) seeds was investigated. We have also investigated the protein damage activated by oxidative Fenton reaction and its prevention by Silybum marianum seed extract. Antioxidant potential of Silybum marianum seed ethanol extract was measured using diff erent in vitro methods, such as lipid peroxidation, 1,1–diphenyl–2–picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing power assays. The extract significantly decreased DNA damage caused by hydroxyl radicals. Protein damage induced by hydroxyl radicals was also effi ciently inhibited, which was confirmed by the presence of protein damage markers, such as protein carbonyl formation and by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE). The present study shows that milk thistle seeds have good DPPH free radical scavenging activity and can prevent lipid peroxidation. Therefore, Silybum marianum can be used as potentially rich source of antioxidants and food preservatives. The results suggest that the seeds may have potential beneficial health effects providing opportunities to develop value-added products.U radu su ispitana antioksidacijska svojstva alkoholnog ekstrakta sjemenki sikavice (Silybum marianum). Osim toga, istražena je mogućnost primjene ekstrakta u prevenciji oštećenja proteina izazvanih Fentonovom reakcijom. Antioksidacijski potencijal alkoholnog ekstrakta sjemenki sikavice ispitan je in vitro pomoću različitih metoda, kao što su: određivanje stupnja peroksidacije lipida, sposobnosti uklanjanja DPPH radikala i reducirajuće snage. Utvrđeno je da su ekstrakti bitno umanjili negativan utjecaj hidroksilnih radikala na strukturu DNA. Prisutnost markera oksidacijskog oštećenja proteina kao što su karbonil proteini te SDS-PAGE elektroforeza potvrdili su da alkoholni ekstrakt sjemenki sikavice uspješno prevenira oksidacijsko oštećenje proteina. Utvrđeno je da sjemenke sikavice imaju i dobru sposobnost uklanjanja DPPH radikala i inhibicije peroksidacije lipida. Zaključeno je da je sikavica bogat izvor antioksidansa i konzervansa, pa se može koristiti kao dodatak hrani. Rezultati pokazuju da sjemenke sikavice povoljno utječu na zdravlje, pa se mogu upotrijebiti za razvoj proizvoda s dodanom vrijednosti

THE EVALUATION OF Streptococcus Mutans COLONIZATION IN PRIVATE SCHOOL NURSERY-KINDERGARTEN CHILDREN's TOOTHBRUSH AT DIYARBAKIR REGION

AIM: Disinfection of the toothbrush is an essential parameter for oral hygiene. As a result, especially children can not clean their toothbrushes sufficiently after brushing their teeth. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accumulation level of Streptococcus mutans colonization at private school nursery-kindergarten children's toothbrushes and evaluate the effectiveness of chlorhexidine solution in four weeks for disinfection. METHODS: This study was approved by the local ethics committee. Two hundred thirty-four private school nursery-kindergarten children were selected for this study, who's aged between 24-72 months. These selected children for this study did not have any dental, antibiotic, antimycotic treatment in the last three months. Before the study, a survey was conducted about parents' education, employment, the income. A pediatric dentist made an oral examination of these children, dental caries, fillings, and missing teeth were determined. Children were divided into two groups; toothbrushes, toothpaste, and practical solutions distilled water and %0,12 chlorhexidine gluconate solution was given in a bottle for four weeks. In addition, the toothbrushes of children were collected every week. After incubation, Streptococcus mutans colonization was evaluated under stereomicroscope. All the collected data were statistically evaluated. RESULTS: The DMF-T scores were statistically significant when evaluated with parents' education and income (p<0,05), but there was no statistical relationship between parents' employment and DMF-T scores (p0,05). Streptococcus mutans colony reduction at the Chlorhexidine group was statistically significant (p<0,05). CONCLUSION: From the first brushing, toothbrushes can be contaminated with bacteria. If the toothbrushes are not clean sufficiently, the bacteria taken from the oral environment have a chance to form a colony on the toothbrushes with the effect of moisture. In addition, Streptococcus Mutans is a bacteria that can stay on toothbrushes and cause re-infection. This study shows that toothbrush disinfection is essential to prevent bacteria from re-infection and contamination of oral flora

Evaluation of ethanol extract of Morus nigra L. as an inhibitory agent for DNA-Advanced glycation end product (DNA-AGEs)

75-84In the developing countries there is a direct correlation between the amount of consumed foods containing starch and the increase in metabolic diseases. In contrast to glucose, fructose cannot be detected in the blood by insulin. Thus, it participates in lipogenesis and increases intracellular lipid accumulation.Reducing sugars results in the development of AGEs (Advanced Glycation End-Compounds) in biological macromolecules as well as some reactive products. These products can cause tissue damage by accumulating in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases by various mechanisms.AGEs can damage antioxidant systems by increasing ROS (reactive oxygen species). In this study, pBR322 DNA was incubated with different concentrations of fructose for 5 days. Damage to the structural system of fructosylated DNA was detected by an increase in fluorescence intensity and hyperchromicity. For five days, fructosylated DNA was treated with varying quantities of Morus nigra L. soxhlet extract and quercetin, and its impact on DNA structural damage was noted. The reduction in hyperchromicity and fluorescence intensity revealed the protective impact of quercetin and M. nigra L. extract on DNA. It has been found that the extract of M. nigra L. and quercetin both scavenge free radicals and reduce fructose-induced DNA damage

Assessment of the Antioxidant Activity of Silybum marianum Seed Extract and Its Protective Effect against DNA Oxidation, Protein Damage and Lipid Peroxidation

Antioxidant properties of ethanol extract of Silybum marianum (milk thistle) seeds was investigated. We have also investigated the protein damage activated by oxidative Fenton reaction and its prevention by Silybum marianum seed extract. Antioxidant potential of Silybum marianum seed ethanol extract was measured using diff erent in vitro methods, such as lipid peroxidation, 1,1–diphenyl–2–picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing power assays. The extract significantly decreased DNA damage caused by hydroxyl radicals. Protein damage induced by hydroxyl radicals was also effi ciently inhibited, which was confirmed by the presence of protein damage markers, such as protein carbonyl formation and by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE). The present study shows that milk thistle seeds have good DPPH free radical scavenging activity and can prevent lipid peroxidation. Therefore, Silybum marianum can be used as potentially rich source of antioxidants and food preservatives. The results suggest that the seeds may have potential beneficial health effects providing opportunities to develop value-added products