Reactively loaded annular ring microstrip antenna for multi-band operation

122-128Reactively loaded probe-fed annular ring microstrip antenna (ARMSA) has been theoretically investigated for multi-band operation. The patch loaded with shorting post is analyzed taking the effect of feed probe into account. It is found that the resonance frequency of the patch increases with number of shorting pins and bandwidth of operation is also affected

Some investigations on annular ring microstrip antenna

166-171The various paramoters of annular ring microstrip antenna such as input impedance, VSWR, return loss, radiation pattern have been theoretically investigated as a function of frequency for different feed locations. It has been observed that resonance occurs at 3.285 GHz which is invariant with feed locations. The antenna behaves as RL network below resonance and as RC network above resonance and shows perfect matching at 3.35 cm feed location from the centre. The percentage bandwidth is found decreasing and the radiated power increasing with increasing b/a ratio

Printed Antennas for 5G Networks

The book provides a comprehensive overview of antennas for 5G technology, such as MIMO, multiband antennas, Magneto-Electric Dipole Antenna and PIFA Antenna for 5G networks, phased array antennas for 5G access, beam-forming and beam-steering issues, 5G antennas for specific applications (smartphone, cognitive radio) and advance antenna concept and materials for 5G. The book also covers ooptimizations methods for passive and active devices in mm-Wave 5G networks. It explores topics which influence the design and characterization of antennas such as data rates, high isolation, pattern and spatial diversity, making 5G antennas more suitable for a multipath environment. The book represents a learning tool for researchers in the field, and enables engineers, designers and manufacturers to identify key design challenges of antennas for 5G networks, and characterize novel antennas for 5G networks

Integrated Gsm-Uwb Fibonacci-Type Antennas With Single, Dual, And Triple Notched Bands

This study presents four integrated Fibonacci-type Global System for Mobile (GSM) ultra-wideband (UWB) antennas with single, dual, and triple band-notched characteristics. These antennas have been designed to control potential interference in Wi-Max and WLAN bands. The antenna operates in the 900 MHz GSM band and also in the 3.2-11.9 GHz extended UWB band. The 900 MHz operating band can be further tuned to get the antenna to operate in a specific GSM band. Triple notches have been created at frequencies within several bands, such as 3.4 GHz Wi-Max (3.06-3.54 GHz), 4.23 GHz WLAN (3.59-4.86 GHz), and 6.35 GHz (5.93-7.15 GHz) with voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) levels of 7.9, 11.3, and 7, respectively. These notch bands are also tuneable to some extent. The measured gain varies from -1.92 to 10.2 dBi. Measured radiation patterns of the antenna are also presented to validate its performance. The integrated antenna has a radiation efficiency in the range of 78- 98% in the UWB and 98% in the GSM band. The fidelity factor in time domain varies between 0.76 and 0.84, depending on the orientation of the antenna. This research confirms that the Fibonacci monopole can be used as a multiband antenna in GSM and UWB bands

Analysis and design of L-strip proximity coupled circular microstrip antenna

An L-strip proximity coupled circular microstrip antenna is proposed. The structure is investigated using circuit theoretic approach and simulated using IE3D simulation software. The patch is designed on a thick substrate of thickness of 11 mm for a design frequency of 3.74 GHz and provides ultra wide band operation. The numerical results for input impedance, VSWR, radiation pattern, efficiency and gain are presented. Bandwidth is found to be dependent on length of horizontal part of L-strip. A bandwidth of 69.52% is achieved (for VSWR<2) for y0=0.112λ0 and h2=0.097λ0. The beam of antenna rotates with operating frequency

MIMO Antennas: Design Approaches, Techniques and Applications

The excessive use of digital platforms with rapidly increasing users in the wireless domain enforces communication systems to provide information with high data rates, high reliability and strong transmission connection quality. Wireless systems with single antenna elements are not able to accomplish the desired needs. Therefore, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antennas are getting more attention in modern high-speed communication systems and play an essential part in the current generation of wireless technology. However, along with their ability to significantly increase channel capacity, it is a challenge to achieve an optimal isolation in a compact size for fifth-generation (5G) terminals. Portable devices, automobiles, handheld gadgets, smart phones, wireless sensors, radio frequency identification and other applications use MIMO antenna systems. In this review paper, the fundamentals of MIMO antennas, the performance parameters of MIMO antennas, and different design approaches and methodologies are discussed to realize the three most commonly used MIMO antennas, i.e., ultra-wideband (UWB), dual-band and circularly polarized antennas. The recent MIMO antenna design approaches with UWB, dual band and circularly polarized characteristics are compared in terms of their isolation techniques, gain, efficiency, envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) and channel capacity loss (CCL). This paper is very helpful to design suitable MIMO antennas applicable in UWB systems, satellite communication systems, GSM, Bluetooth, WiMAX, WLAN and many more. The issues with MIMO antenna systems in the indoor environment along with possible solutions to improve their performance are discussed. The paper also focuses on the applications of MIMO characteristics for future sixth-generation (6G) technology