Secondary Electron-Capture Clock Isotopes as a Probe of Reacceleration

Cosmic rays that are produced by nuclear interactions during propagation and decay only by electron capture can be used to determine the level of cosmic ray reacceleration that has occurred. The high resolution, large statistical sample of cosmic rays collected by the Cosmic Ray Isotope Spectrometer (CRIS) aboard the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) spacecraft provides a data set that allows precision measurements of these isotopic abundances. We discuss electron capture decay, the signatures of reacceleration, and the sensitivity with which reacceleration models can be tested

The Orbiting Astrophysical Spectrometer In Space (OASIS)

The Orbiting Astrophysical Observatory In Space (OASIS) is an Advanced Concept currently under study at NASA as a mission for the next decade. The goal of the OASIS mission is to identify a local site or sites where galactic cosmic rays (GCR) originate and are accelerated. The mission will also allow GCR data to be used to investigate how elements are made and distributed in the galaxy and to improve our understanding of supernovae and the nucleosynthesis of the heavy elements. OASIS consists of two instruments that provide complementary data on the location and nature of the source(s) through investigating the composition of ultra-heavy nuclei ( ) and the energy spectrum of electrons. In particular OASIS will measure the relative abundances in the actinide group ( ) to determine the age of the -process material in GCRs. The presence of young r-process material would indicate that GCRs are a sample of the interstellar medium in OB associations. OASIS will measure the electron spectrum to 10 TeV. The energy where this spectrum ends will tell us the distance to the nearest GCR source(s). OASIS will look for spectral features and anisotropy in the high energy electron spectrum that are expected to appear when only a few of the nearest astrophysical sources can contribute to the electron flux. Spectral features may also suggest dark matter decay products. We anticipate that these measurements will lead to the identification of the nearest cosmic ray electron source and provide a crucial test of the OB association model for the origin of GCR nuclei

Convalescent plasma in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised controlled, open-label, platform trial

Background: Many patients with COVID-19 have been treated with plasma containing anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of convalescent plasma therapy in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Methods: This randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial (Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy [RECOVERY]) is assessing several possible treatments in patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in the UK. The trial is underway at 177 NHS hospitals from across the UK. Eligible and consenting patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either usual care alone (usual care group) or usual care plus high-titre convalescent plasma (convalescent plasma group). The primary outcome was 28-day mortality, analysed on an intention-to-treat basis. The trial is registered with ISRCTN, 50189673, and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04381936. Findings: Between May 28, 2020, and Jan 15, 2021, 11558 (71%) of 16287 patients enrolled in RECOVERY were eligible to receive convalescent plasma and were assigned to either the convalescent plasma group or the usual care group. There was no significant difference in 28-day mortality between the two groups: 1399 (24%) of 5795 patients in the convalescent plasma group and 1408 (24%) of 5763 patients in the usual care group died within 28 days (rate ratio 1·00, 95% CI 0·93–1·07; p=0·95). The 28-day mortality rate ratio was similar in all prespecified subgroups of patients, including in those patients without detectable SARS-CoV-2 antibodies at randomisation. Allocation to convalescent plasma had no significant effect on the proportion of patients discharged from hospital within 28 days (3832 [66%] patients in the convalescent plasma group vs 3822 [66%] patients in the usual care group; rate ratio 0·99, 95% CI 0·94–1·03; p=0·57). Among those not on invasive mechanical ventilation at randomisation, there was no significant difference in the proportion of patients meeting the composite endpoint of progression to invasive mechanical ventilation or death (1568 [29%] of 5493 patients in the convalescent plasma group vs 1568 [29%] of 5448 patients in the usual care group; rate ratio 0·99, 95% CI 0·93–1·05; p=0·79). Interpretation: In patients hospitalised with COVID-19, high-titre convalescent plasma did not improve survival or other prespecified clinical outcomes. Funding: UK Research and Innovation (Medical Research Council) and National Institute of Health Research

Light-mediated antifungal activity of Echinacea extracts

This study demonstrated that plant extracts containing acetylenic isobutylamides and polyacetylenes, previously reported as occurring in Echinacea, have phototoxic antimicrobial activity against fungi, including clinically relevant pathogenic fungi. Results show that hexane extracts of Echinacea variably inhibit growth of yeast strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida shehata, C. kefyr, C. albicans, C. steatulytica and C. tropicalis under near UV irradiation (phototoxicity) and to a lower extent without irradiation (conventional antifungal acti

The Analysıs, Evaluatıon And The Preservatıon-Rehabılıtatıon Proposal Of Rural Settlement Pattern Of Buyukalan Vıllage At Aksekı Provınce, Antalya

Bu çalışmanın amacı Antalya'nın Akseki ilçesine bağlı olan Büyükalan köyünün, tarihi ve kültürel dokusunun geçmişini ve gelişimini araştırmak, günümüze ulaşan sivil mimari, yapım tekniği, malzemeleri tespit etmek ve belgelemek, tarihi doku içindeki yeni yapılaşmalara öneriler getirmek ve bölgenin turizme uygun özelliklerinin geliştirilmesine katkıda bulunmaktır. Hazırlanan çalışmanın birinci bölümünde, çalışmanın amacı, kapsamı ve yöntemi anlatılmıştır. İkinci bölümde köyün içinde bulunduğu bölgenin özelliklerine ve tanımlara yer verilmiştir. Üçüncü bölümde Büyükalan köyünün mimari, fiziksel ve sosyal analizleri yapılarak grafik anlatımlarla değerlendirilmiştir. Dördüncü bölümde Büyükalan köyünün kentsel ilişkiler bazında sorun, olanak ve potansiyelleri araştırılmıştır. Beşinci bölümde bölgenin turizm potansiyeli belirlenmiş, uygunluk durumu saptanmıştır. Altıncı bölümde genel müdahale kararları belirlenerek, koruma yaklaşımları açıklanmıştır. Yedinci bölüm sonuç bölümüdür, bu bölümde köyün kültürel değerleriyle birlikte gelecek kuşaklara aktarılması için gerekli koruma kararları sunulmuştur.The purpose of this study is to investigate the history and development of historical and cultural doctrine to identify and document civil architecture, construction technique and materials reaching up to now, to bring suggestions for new constructions in historical doctrine, to contribute to the development of appropriate tourism characteristics of Büyükalan village located in the Akseki district of Antalya. In the first part of the prepared work, the purpose, scope and method of study have been presented. In the second part, the characteristics and definitions of the area in which the village is located have been given. In the third part, the architectural, physical and social analyzes of Büyükalan village have been made through evaluations by graphics. In the fourth part, the problems, possibilities and potentials of Büyükalan village have been researched on the basis of urban relations. In the fifth part, the tourism potential of the area has been identified and the eligibility status has been determined. In the sixth part, general intervention decisions have been determined and preservation strategies have been developed. The seventh part is the conclusion part in which the necessary preservation decisions for the transfer of the village with its cultural values to future generations have been suggested