Analyse und Schaetzung der Verzoegerung in Rechnernetzknoten durch Implementierung einer speziellen Routineregel

SIGLETIB: RN 4237 (179) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman

Comprehensive analysis of medicine availability and affordability.

<p>The availability (%) each drug is depicted on the x-axis, while the y-axis shows the price (days’ wages).</p

Availability, affordability, median price and ratios of Medicines.

<p>Availability, affordability, median price and ratios of Medicines.</p

Availability of medicines and test per site and the population served.

<p>Availability of medicines and test per site and the population served.</p

Availability, affordability and median price of selected tests in the investigation of cardiovascular disease and diabetes.

<p>Availability, affordability and median price of selected tests in the investigation of cardiovascular disease and diabetes.</p

Apolipoprotein L1 risk variants associate with prevalent atherosclerotic disease in African American systemic lupus erythematosus patients

<div><p>Objective</p><p>Atherosclerosis is exaggerated in African American (AA) systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, with doubled cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk compared to White patients. The extent to which common Apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) risk alleles (RA) contribute to this trend is unknown. This retrospective cohort study assessed prevalent atherosclerotic disease across APOL1 genotypes in AA SLE patients.</p><p>Methods</p><p>One hundred thirteen AA SLE subjects were APOL1-genotyped and stratified as having: zero risk alleles, one risk allele, or two risk alleles. Chart review assessed CVD manifestations including abdominal aortic aneurysm, angina, carotid artery disease, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, peripheral vascular disease, stroke, and vascular calcifications. Associations between the genotypes and a composite endpoint defined as one or more CVD manifestations were calculated using logistic regression. Symptomatic atherosclerotic disease, excluding incidental vascular calcifications, was also assessed.</p><p>Results</p><p>The 0-risk-allele, 1-risk-allele and 2-risk-allele groups, respectively, comprised 34%, 53%, and 13% of the cohort. Respectively, 13.2%, 41.7%, and 60.0% of the 0-risk allele, 1-risk-allele, and 2-risk-allele groups met the composite endpoint of atherosclerotic CVD (p = 0.001). Adjusting for risk factors–including smoking, ESRD, BMI >25 and hypertension–we observed an association between carrying one or more RA and atherosclerotic CVD (OR = 7.1; p = 0.002). For symptomatic disease, the OR was 3.5 (p = 0.02). In a time-to-event analysis, the proportion of subjects free from the composite primary endpoint, symptomatic atherosclerotic CVD, was higher in the 0-risk-allele group compared to the 1-risk-allele and 2-risk-allele groups (χ² = 6.5; p = 0.04).</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Taken together, the APOL1 RAs associate with prevalent atherosclerotic CVD in this cohort of AA SLE patients, perhaps reflecting a potentiating effect of SLE on APOL1-related cardiovascular phenotypes.</p></div

Cohort ancestral informative markers principal component analysis: Plot showing first and second principal components (PC1 and PC2 respectively).

<p>Ancestry was estimated using the 1kG Phase 1 Project containing 1,092 reference samples, including 246 samples with African (AFR) ancestry (blue), 181 with Admixed American (AMR) ancestry (orange), 286 with Asian (ASN) ancestry (green), and 379 with European (EUR) ancestry (red). Overlying African American cohort samples are shown in brown. Samples marked with a dash were excluded from analysis.</p

Comparison of cardiovascular manifestations across APOL1 genotypes.

<p>Comparison of cardiovascular manifestations across APOL1 genotypes.</p

Adjusted odds ratios of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease across genotype groups.

<p>Adjusted odds ratios of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease across genotype groups.</p

Patient characteristics.

<p>Patient characteristics.</p