Improving the Foreign Direct Investment Capacity of the Mountainous Provinces in Viet Nam

The main purpose of this research is to suggest policies to improve the foreign direct investment attraction capacity in Northern Mountainous Provinces of Vietnam in short and medium-term. Though this region has huge potentials to develop, but poor infrastructure, remote location and bad FDI climate have hindered the FDI inflows. This research focuses on FDI climate factors, pays attention on region’s constraints, and suggests policy for three levels consisting of national, regional and provincial levels.Vietnam, International investment, Long-term capital movements, Foreign investments, Local economy, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)

Localization of Laplacian eigenfunctions in circular, spherical and elliptical domains

We consider Laplacian eigenfunctions in circular, spherical and elliptical domains in order to discuss three kinds of high-frequency localization: whispering gallery modes, bouncing ball modes, and focusing modes. Although the existence of these modes was known for a class of convex domains, the separation of variables for above domains helps to better understand the "mechanism" of localization, i.e. how an eigenfunction is getting distributed in a small region of the domain, and decays rapidly outside this region. Using the properties of Bessel and Mathieu functions, we derive the inequalities which imply and clearly illustrate localization. Moreover, we provide an example of a non-convex domain (an elliptical annulus) for which the high-frequency localized modes are still present. At the same time, we show that there is no localization in most of rectangle-like domains. This observation leads us to formulating an open problem of localization in polygonal domains and, more generally, in piecewise smooth convex domains.Comment: 24 pages, SIAM J. Appl. Math. 201

Study on Fructooligosaccharide (Fos) Production By Enzyme Pectinex Ultra Sp-l Immobilzed On Alginate

Fructooligosaccharide (FOS) is a new alternative sweetener with its characteristics such as low energy and safety for people with diabetes. Pectinex Ultra SP-L which has fructosyltransferase, catalyzes the reaction to produce short chain fructooligosaccharides. The research was conducted to enhance the high FOS content in process of FOS production by immobilized enzyme. Results achieved by Empirical planning Design Expert 7.0 - central composite method (CCD) identified at optimum conditions for process of immobilized enzyme with alginate 3.3 (%), ratio of enzyme: alginate was 0.79 (w/w), CaCl2 3.75 (%). Efficiency of loading protein reached 73.32 (%). Reaction conditions: 60 (oC), shaking velocity 90 (rpm), the initial sucrose concentrations of 50 (%), pH 5.75. When produced in 20 (h), the reaction obtained the highest level of FOS with column reaction system. The FOS for producted by immobilized enzyme achieved 47.87 (%), of which 1-kestose obtained 37.06 (%), the remaining was 10.81 (%) including nystose and fructofuranosylnystose. Efficiency of producing FOS by using immobilized enzyme compared to the free enzyme was high up to 89.49 (%)