Molecular Heterogeneity of Human Group A Rotavirus in Rural Bangladesh as Determined by Electrophoresis of Genomic Ribonucleic Acid

Genomic diversity of 248 rotavirus strains from stools collected from patients that sought treatment for diarrhoea in Matlab, Bangladesh, between July 1987 and May 1989, was investigated by analysis of migration patterns of viral genomic ribonucleic acid (RNA) segments by electrophoresis. One hundred and seventy-three gave an electropherotype; 90 were of long electropherotypes ("L") and 83 were short electropherotypes ("S") and after co-electrophoresis, 10 different "L" electropherotypes and 12 different "S" electropherotypes were found. Among "L" electropherotypes, the majority (32 of 90) were identified as L1 followed by L8 (21 of 90) and among "S" electropherotypes, the majority (28 of 83) were S2 followed by S3 (14 of 83). L1 was also found most commonly throughout the study period (12/23 months) as was S2 (11/23 months)

Determination of Single Hybridization Temperature for Serotyping of Human Group A Rotavirus with Oligonucleotide Probes

The possibility of use of a single hybridization temperature instead of different temperature for different probes for detection of human group A rotavirus (HRV) was explored. The sensitivity and specificity of the 5 oligonucleotide probes were assessed using cell culture adapted rotavirus (RV) strains by carrying out hybridization at a fixed temperature of 50℃. The results obtained indicate that a single hybridization temperature may be used for all the probes with virtually no decrease in specificity and sensitivity

Molecular Heterogeneity of Human Group A Rotavirus in Rural Bangladesh as Determined by Electrophoresis of Genomic Ribonucleic Acid

Genomic diversity of 248 rotavirus strains from stools collected from patients that sought treatment for diarrhoea in Matlab, Bangladesh, between July 1987 and May 1989, was investigated by analysis of migration patterns of viral genomic ribonucleic acid (RNA) segments by electrophoresis. One hundred and seventy-three gave an electropherotype; 90 were of long electropherotypes ("L") and 83 were short electropherotypes ("S") and after co-electrophoresis, 10 different "L" electropherotypes and 12 different "S" electropherotypes were found. Among "L" electropherotypes, the majority (32 of 90) were identified as L1 followed by L8 (21 of 90) and among "S" electropherotypes, the majority (28 of 83) were S2 followed by S3 (14 of 83). L1 was also found most commonly throughout the study period (12/23 months) as was S2 (11/23 months)

Calibration of Airborne Interferometric SAR with Single Corner Reflector in Two Converse Flights

Quite a few corner reflectors are essential for interferometric SAR in high precision terrain mapping applications,which limits its application in surveying and mapping industry.In this paper,we present a calibration algorithm of airborne interferometric SAR using single corner reflector in two converse flights.Firstly,based on principle of SAR interferometry,a three-dimensional calibration model considering horizontal and elevation positioning is constructed.Then several characteristic parameters which affect 3D location are analyzed and reduced to three parameters successfully.Finally,we extracted a number of tie points from two groups of complex image pairs in two converse flights by SIFT algorithm.New calibration functions can be developed from the tie points,which helps reduce number of control points.Real data experiments results confirmed the validity and rationality of the proposed algorithm

Forest Height Estimation Based on Constrained Gaussian Vertical Backscatter Model Using Multi-Baseline P-Band Pol-InSAR Data

In the case of low frequencies (e.g., P-band) radar observations, the Gaussian Vertical Backscatter (GVB) model, a model that takes into account the vertical heterogeneity of the wave-canopy interactions, can describe the forest vertical backscatter profile (VBP) more accurately. However, the GVB model is highly complex, seriously reducing the inversion efficiency because of a number of variables. Given that concern, this paper proposes a constrained Gaussian Vertical Backscatter (CGVB) model to reduce the complexity of the GVB model by establishing a constraint relationship between forest height and the backscattering vertical fluctuation (BVF) of the GVB model. The CGVB model takes into account the influence of incidence angle on scattering mechanisms. The BVF of VBP described by the CGVB model is expressed with forest height and a polynomial function of incidence angle. In order to build the CGVB model, this paper proposes the supervised learning based on RANSAC (SLBR). The proposed SLBR method used forest height as a prior knowledge to determine the function of incidence angle in the CGVB model. In this process, the Random Sample Consensus (RANSAC) method is applied to perform function fitting. Before building the CGVB model, iterative weighted complex least squares (IWCLS) is employed to extract the required volume coherence. Based on the CGVB model, forest height estimation was obtained by nonlinear least squares optimization. E-SAR P-band polarimetric interferometric synthetic aperture radar (Pol-InSAR) data acquired during the BIOSAR 2008 campaign was used to test the performance of the proposed CGVB model. It can be observed that, compared with Random Volume over Ground (RVoG) model, the proposed CGVB model improves the estimation accuracy of the areas with incidence angle less than 0.8 rad and less than 0.6 rad by 28.57 % and 40.35 % , respectively