The control of germination by the PP2C family protein RDO5

Dormancy provides a mechanism to prevent germination during unfavorable conditions, which is one of the most important process in higher plants. Apart from the phytohormones abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellic acid (GA), two proteins namely DOG1 and RDO5 have been demonstrated to play an important role in controlling seed dormancy. DOG1 encodes a functionally unknown protein. Recent research revealed that DOG1 regulates seed dormancy by negatively regulating the actions of AHG1 and AHG3. Meanwhile, RDO5 was identified as another important factor in controlling seed dormancy. RDO5 does not contain phosphatase activity, which suggests that it might function as a pseudo-phosphatase. Phosphoproteomics analysis of the rdo5 mutant showed a significant alternation in the phosphorylation level of several proteins, suggesting that RDO5 affects protein phosphorylation indirectly. RDO5 pull-down and mass spectrum experiments identified some RDO5 interacting proteins include DOG1, AHG1, CaM1 and CaM4. Protein interaction experiments further showed that RDO5 can form a complex with DOG1, AHG1, CaM1 and CaM4. Genetics evidence suggested that AHG1 and AHG3 are required for the function of RDO5 in the regulation of seed dormancy. Isotope experiments indicated that CaM1/4 and RDO5 may coordinate for the regulation of in seed dormancy via inhibition of AHG1 and AHG3 function. Moreover, the seed germination assays revealed that the double mutant dog1 rdo5 showed similar ABA sensitivity as dog1, and rdo5 is less sensitive, indicating that RDO5 may act upstream of DOG1 in seed dormancy. However, we still could not exclude the possibility that DOG1 functions through RDO5 and its homologs

BRCA2 polymorphic stop codon K3326X and the risk of breast, prostate, and ovarian cancers

Background: The K3326X variant in BRCA2 (BRCA2*c.9976A>T; p.Lys3326*; rs11571833) has been found to be associated with small increased risks of breast cancer. However, it is not clear to what extent linkage disequilibrium with fully pathogenic mutations might account for this association. There is scant information about the effect of K3326X in other hormone-related cancers. Methods: Using weighted logistic regression, we analyzed data from the large iCOGS study including 76 637 cancer case patients and 83 796 control patients to estimate odds ratios (ORw) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for K3326X variant carriers in relation to breast, ovarian, and prostate cancer risks, with weights defined as probability of not having a pathogenic BRCA2 variant. Using Cox proportional hazards modeling, we also examined the associations of K3326X with breast and ovarian cancer risks among 7183 BRCA1 variant carriers. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: The K3326X variant was associated with breast (ORw = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.17 to 1.40, P = 5.9x10- 6) and invasive ovarian cancer (ORw = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.10 to 1.43, P = 3.8x10-3). These associations were stronger for serous ovarian cancer and for estrogen receptor–negative breast cancer (ORw = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.2 to 1.70, P = 3.4x10-5 and ORw = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.28 to 1.76, P = 4.1x10-5, respectively). For BRCA1 mutation carriers, there was a statistically significant inverse association of the K3326X variant with risk of ovarian cancer (HR = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.22 to 0.84, P = .013) but no association with breast cancer. No association with prostate cancer was observed. Conclusions: Our study provides evidence that the K3326X variant is associated with risk of developing breast and ovarian cancers independent of other pathogenic variants in BRCA2. Further studies are needed to determine the biological mechanism of action responsible for these associations

Introduction to the RFID Technology in the Application of the Smart Supermarket

RFID technology is no stranger to more or less have contacted various of industries in nowadays. Premier wen Jiabao put forward the “experience China” in 2009, after the application of IOT (Internet of things) is rocketed development and RFID technology is absolutely necessary as the core of IOT. On the experiment background of campus supermarket, this paper briefly introduces the application of RFID technology in the intelligent supermarket that mainly included four parts. Through analysis of system, it detailed interpretation that IOT bring changes to campus supermarket

Variety features differentiate microbiota in the grape leaves

The dependence of plant health and crop quality on the epiphytic microbial community has been extensively addressed, but little is known about plant-associated microbial communities under natural conditions. In this study, the bacterial and fungal communities on grape leaves were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer high-throughput sequencing, respectively. The results showed differences in the composition of the microbial communities on leaf samples of nine wine grape varieties. The most abundant bacterial genus was Pseudomonas, and the top three varieties with Pseudomonas were Zinfandel (22.6%), Syrah (21.6%), and Merlot (13.5%). The most abundant fungal genus was Alternaria, and the cultivar with the lowest abundance of Alternaria was Zinfandel (33.6%), indicating that these communities had different habitat preferences. The linear discriminant analysis effect size of all species showed that the bacteria Enterococcus, Massilia, and Kocuria were significantly enriched on the leaves of Merlot, Syrah, Cabernet Sauvignon, respectively; Pseudomonadales and Pantoea on Zinfandel; and Bacillus, Turicibacter, and Romboutsia on Pinot Noir. Similarly, the fungi Cladosporium, Phoma, and Sporormiella were significantly enriched on Zinfandel, Lon, and Gem, respectively. Both Bray–Curtis and unweighted UniFrac revealed that bacteria and fungi have a significant impact (P < 0.01), and the results further proved that variety is the most important factor affecting the microbial community. The findings indicate that some beneficial or harmful microorganisms existing on the wine grape leaves might affect the health of the grape plants and the wine-making process.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author

The complete mitochondrial genome of ostorhinchus fleurieu (kurtiformes: Apogonidae) and phylogenetic studies of apogoninae

The complete mitochondrial genome of Ostorhinchus fleurieu was first determined, which was 16,521 bp in length, containing 13 protein-coding genes, two rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, a putative control region and one origin of replication on the light-strand. The overall base composition included C(29.2%), A(26.7%), T(26.7%) and G(17.4%). Moreover, the 13 PCGs encoded 3800 amino acids in total, twelve of which used the initiation codon ATG except for COI started with GTG. Most of them ended with complete stop codon, whereas three protein-coding genes (COII, ND4 and Cytb) used incomplete stop codon and represented as T. The phylogenetic tree based on the Neighbour Joining method was constructed to provide relationship within Apogoninae, which could be a useful basis for management of this species

Response of Soil Microenvironment and Crop Growth to Cyclic Irrigation Using Reclaimed Water and Brackish Water

The scarcity of freshwater resources has increased the use of nonconventional water resources such as brackish water, reclaimed water, etc., especially in water-scarce areas. Whether an irrigation cycle using reclaimed water and brackish water (RBCI) poses a risk of secondary soil salinization to crop yields needs to be studied. Aiming to find an appropriate use for different nonconventional water resources, pot experiments were conducted to study the effects of RBCI on soil microenvironments, growth, physiological characteristics and antioxidation properties of crops. The results showed the following: (1) compared to FBCI, the soil moisture content was slightly higher, without a significant difference, while the soil EC, sodium and chloride ions contents increased significantly under the RBCI treatment. With an increase in the reclaimed water irrigation frequency (Tri), the contents of EC, Na+ and Cl− in the soil decreased gradually, and the difference was significant; the soil moisture content also decreased gradually. (2) There were different effects of the RBCI regime on the soil’s enzyme activities. With an increase in the Tri, the soil urease activity indicated a significant upward trend as a whole. (3) RBCI can alleviate the risk of soil salinization to some extent. The soil pH values were all below 8.5, and were without a risk of secondary soil alkalization. The ESP did not exceed 15 percent, and there was no possible risk of soil alkalization except that the ESP in soil irrigated by brackish water irrigation went beyond the limit of 15 percent. (4) Compared with FBCI, no obvious changes appeared to the aboveground and underground biomasses under the RBCI treatment. The RBCI treatment was conducive to increasing the aboveground biomass compared with pure brackish water irrigation. Therefore, short-term RBCI helps to reduce the risk of soil salinization without significantly affecting crop yield, and the irrigation cycle using reclaimed-reclaimed-brackish water at 3 g·L−1 was recommended, according to the experimental results

Hydrophobicity of Polyacrylate Emulsion Film Enhanced by Introduction of Nano-SiO₂ and Fluorine

This study proposes to utilize modified Nano-SiO2/fluorinated polyacrylate emulsion that was synthesized with a semi-continuous starved seed emulsion polymerization to improve the hydrophobicity, thermal stability, and UV-Vis absorption of polyacrylate emulsion film. To verify the proposed method, a series inspection had been conducted to investigate the features of the emulsion film. The morphological analysis indicated that Nano-SiO2 was surrounded by a silane molecule after modification, which can efficiently prevent silica nanoparticles from aggregating. Fourier transform infrared spectra confirmed that modified SiO2 and dodecafluoroheptyl methacrylate (DFMA) were successfully introduced to the copolymer latex. The particle size of latex increased with the introduction of modified Nano-SiO2 and DFMA. UV-Vis absorption spectra revealed that modified silicon nanoparticles can improve the ultraviolet shielding effect obviously. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy illustrated that the film&#8315;air interface was richer in fluorine than film section and the glass side. The contact angle of modified Nano-SiO2/fluorinated polyacrylate emulsion containing 3 wt % DFMA was 112&#176;, slightly lower than double that of polyacrylate emulsion, indicating composite emulsion films possess better hydrophobicity. These results suggest that introducing modified Nano-SiO2 and fluorine into polyacrylate emulsion can significantly enhance the thermal stability of emulsion films

Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of Hyphessobrycon herbertaxelrodi (Characiformes, Characidae) and phylogenetic studies of Characiformes

In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of Hyphessobrycon herbertaxelrodi is presented, and we also discussed its mitochondrial characteristics. The full length of the mitochondrial genome was 17,417 bp, including 13 protein coding genes (PCGs), 2 ribosomal RNAs (12S and 16S), 22 transfer RNA genes, 1 non-coding control region (D-loop), and 1 origin of replication on the light-strand. The total nucleotide composition of mitochondrial DNA was 29.76%A, 29.88%T, 25.35%C, 15.01%G, and AT was 59.64%. The phylogenetic tree suggested that H. herbertaxelrodi shared the most recent common ancestor with Astyanax giton, Grundulus bogotensis, Astyanax paranae, and Oligosarcus argenteus

Study on the impact of HTPP fibers on the mechanical properties of ceramsite concrete

In this paper, the effect of High-Toughness Polypropylene (HTPP) fibers admixture (0, 0.3 %, 0.6 %, 0.9 %) on the mechanical properties of ceramsite concrete was investigated, and four kinds of ceramsite concrete specimens were prepared and tested for various kinds of ceramsite concrete compressive strength, flexural strength, and stress-strain curves, and the performance characteristics obtained include the strength-to-weight ratio, flexural-to-compressive ratio, tensile-to-compressive ratio, compressive toughness index, and failure morphology. Furthermore, combined with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images, we analyzed the enhancement mechanism of basic mechanical properties of ceramic concrete by HTPP fibers. The results show that HTPP fibers can effectively improve the strength and toughness performance of ceramsite concrete, and the effect on improving toughness performance is more significant; After adding HTPP fibers, the compressive strength of ceramsite concrete increased by 26.3 %, the flexural strength increased by 29.7 %, the toughness index increased by 28.9 %, and the strength to weight ratio increased by 24.1 %; After adding HTPP fibers, the brittle failure characteristics of concrete are significantly weakened, and when it fails under load, it can still maintain good integrity, without scattering or continuous cracking. Based on the SEM test results, the mechanism of HTPP fibers reinforced ceramsite concrete was explained, mainly attributed to three aspects: fibers preventing ceramsite from floating, fiber surface maintaining good bonding with cement matrix, and effective synergistic bearing between fibers and ceramsite concrete. The research findings of this study can provide a theoretical foundation for the structural analysis and design of this type of concrete. It will be beneficial for the use of ceramsite concrete as a structural material and holds significant implications for the advancement of prefabricated lightweight wall panels