Table_4_Temperature induces metabolic reprogramming in fish during bacterial infection.xlsx

Water temperature elevation as a consequence of global warming results in increased incidence of bacterial disease, such as edwardsiellosis, in fish farming. Edwardsiellosis is caused by the bacterial pathogen Edwardsiella tarda and affects many farmed fish including flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Currently, the effect of temperature on the metabolic response of flounder to E. tarda infection is unclear. In this study, we found that compared to low temperature (15°C), high temperature (23°C) enhanced E. tarda dissemination in flounder tissues. To examine the impact of temperature on the metabolism of flounder induced by E. tarda, comparative metabolomics were performed, which identified a large number of metabolites responsive to E. tarda invasion and temperature alteration. During E. tarda infection, the metabolic profile induced by elevated temperature was mainly featured by extensively decreased amino acids and TCA intermediates such as succinate, a proven immune regulator. Further, 38 potential metabolite markers of temperature effect (MMTE) in association with bacterial infection were identified. When used as exogenous supplements, two of the MMTE, i.e., L-methionine and UDP-glucose, effectively upregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and suppressed E. tarda infection in flounder leukocytes. Taken together, the results of this study indicate an important influence of temperature on the metabolism of flounder during bacterial infection, which eventually affects the survivability of the fish.</p

Traffic Characteristics of Advance Right-Turn Motorized Vehicles at Signalized Intersections under Mixed Traffic Conditions.rar

<h3>The supplemental material is for the paper "Capacity of Advance Right-Turn Motorized Vehicles at Signalized Intersections under Mixed Traffic Conditions".</h3

High Performance Miscible Polyetherimide/Bismaleimide Resins with Simultaneously Improved Integrated Properties Based on a Novel Hyperbranched Polysiloxane Having a High Degree of Branching

Amino-terminated hyperbranched polysiloxane (AHBSi) with high degree of branching (= 0.8) was synthesized by a control hydrolysis of γ-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES) without using any catalyst. Besides, AHBSi was used as the compatibilizer of the miscible polyetherimide (PEI)/bismaleimide (BD) blend, and the influence of the content of AHBSi on the compatibility and integrated performance of the PEI/BD blend was systematically investigated. The corresponding investigation of the APTES/PEI/BD system was also carried out for comparison. Results show that although AHBSi and APTES have similar chemical segments, their different topological structures endow them with completely different effects. AHBSi can remarkably improve the compatibility between PEI and BD resin, and the AHBSi/PEI/BD system not only has obviously improved toughness and decreased brittleness while maintaining good stiffness. It also exhibits decreased dielectric constant and loss. Conversely, the APTES/PEI/BD system has greatly deteriorated compatibility and integrated performance. These interesting results demonstrate that AHBSi is a super multifunctional compatibilizer

Long Time Response of Soft Magnetorheological Gels

Swollen physical magnetorheological (MR) gels were obtained by self-assembling of triblock copolymers containing dispersed soft magnetic particles. The transient rheological responses of these systems were investigated experimentally. Upon sudden application of a homogeneous magnetic field step change, the storage modulus of MR gels continued to increase with time. Such increase trend of the storage modulus could be expressed by a double-exponential function with two distinct modes, a fast and a slow one. The result was compared with the transient rheological response of equivalent MR fluids (paraffin oil without copolymer) and a MR elastomer (PDMS) and interpreted as the consequence of strong rearrangement of the original particle network under magnetic field. Similar to the structure evolution of MR fluids, the ensemble of results suggests that “chaining” and “clustering” processes are also happening inside the gel and are responsible for the rheological behavior, provided they are happening on a smaller length scale (long chains and clusters are hindered). We show that response times of several minutes are typical for the slow response of MR gels. The characteristic time <i>t</i>₂ for the slow process is significantly dependent on the magnetic flux density, the matrix viscoelastic property, particle volume fraction, and sample’s initial particle distribution. In order to validate our results, the role of dynamic strain history was clarified. We show that, in the linear viscoelastic region, the particle rearrangement of MR gels was not hindered or accelerated by the dynamic strain history

NaB inhibits cell viability and proliferation of human prostate cancer DU145 cells.

<p>(A) NaB inhibits cell viability in a time- and dose-dependent manner in DU145 cells. Cancer cells were treated with medium alone or various concentrations of NaB (1, 5, 10 mmol) for various time (12, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h). (B) Effect of NaB on DU145 cell proliferation. Cancer cells were treated with medium alone or various concentrations of NaB (1, 5, 10 mmol) for 48 h. (C) NaB inhibits cell viability in PC3 cells. Cancer cells were treated with medium alone or various concentrations of NaB (1, 5, 10 mmol) for various time (12, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h). (D) Effect of NaB on PC3 cell proliferation. Cancer cells were treated with medium alone or various concentrations of NaB (1, 5, 10 mmol) for 48 h. (E) Effect of NaB in combination with DOC on the cell viability of DU145 and PC3 cells. Cancer cells were treated with medium alone or NaB (5 mmol) in combination with DOC (1 µmol) for 48 h. (F) Effect of NaB in combination with DOC on DU145 and PC3 cell proliferation. Cancer cells were treated with medium alone or NaB (5 mmol) in combination with DOC (1 µmol) for 48 h. Cell viability was determined by Trypan Blue exclusion assay. Cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay. NaB significantly inhibited the growth of DU145 and PC3 cells. All experiments were repeated at least three times. Data are means ± SEM. (n = 3) (Dunnett’s test, *P<0.05 <i>vs.</i> control).</p

NaB treatment up-regulates the expression of ANXA1 in DU145 cells.

<p>(A) ANXA1 mRNA expression is detected by qRT-PCR. NaB treatment groups significantly higher than control group (treatment by medium only). (B) Western blot analysis of ANXA1 expression in DU145 cells after NaB treatment. Data are normalized with β-actin values and are expressed as fold changes of β-actin in NaB treated group relative to control. All experiments were repeated at least three times. Data are means ± SEM. (n = 3) (Dunnett’s test, *P<0.05 <i>vs.</i> control).</p

High Melt Strength and High Toughness PLLA/PBS Blends by Copolymerization and in Situ Reactive Compatibilization

Poly­(l-lactide)/poly­(butylene succinate) (PLLA/PBS) blends were prepared by melt mixing with a PLLA-based compatibilizer (PBS-PLLA) and a chain extender triarm block copolymer (PLLA-<i>block</i>-poly­(glycidyl methacrylates))₃ (PLLA-<i>b</i>-PGMA)₃. The tensile testing showed significant improvement in mechanical properties and remarkably maintained high strength. Rheological investigation of PLLA/PBS/PBS-PLLA/(PLLA-<i>b</i>-PGMA)₃ indicated that the viscosity and storage modulus was improved greatly compared with neat PLLA. Elongational viscosity measurements exhibited strong strain-hardening behavior. The increase of the torque indicated the occurrence of chain branching and chain extension reaction. The imperfect crystallization of PLLA/PBS/PBS-PLLA/(PLLA-<i>b</i>-PGMA)₃ blends was demonstrated by the lowered melt point of PLLA. SEM showed that the PBS-PLLA and (PLLA-<i>b</i>-PGMA)₃ significantly improved the compatibility of the PLLA/PBS blends. It was indicated that the synergistic effects of PBS-PLLA and (PLLA-<i>b</i>-PGMA)₃ in PLLA/PBS blends played a key role in properties enhancement. With copolymerization and in situ reactive compatibilization, PLLA/PBS/PBS-PLLA/(PLLA-<i>b</i>-PGMA)₃ blends not only improved the toughness but also improved the melt strength

The effect of NaB treatment on siANXA1-transfected cells.

<p>(A) Western blot analysis of ANXA1 expression in siANXA1 and siMock cells after NaB treatment. Data were normalized with β-actin values and are expressed as fold changes of β-actin in NaB treated group relative to control. (B) The proliferation of siANXA1 and siMock cells after NaB treatment. (C) Western blot analysis of the expression of Bax and Bcl-2 in siANXA1 and siMock cells. Bcl-2 and Bax expression levels were normalized to β-actin and are presented as the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. All experiments were repeated at least three times. Data are means ± SEM. (n = 3) (Dunnett’s test, *P<0.05 <i>vs.</i> control).</p

NaB treatment induces apoptosis of DU145 cells in a dose-dependent manner.

<p>(A) Flow cytometry analysis of NaB treated DU145 cells stained with annexin V and PI. (B) Nuclear morphological observation of NaB treated DU145 cancer cells. Hoechst 33258 and a fluorescence microscope were used to observe the nuclear morphology of DU145 cells after treatment with NaB (400×). (C) Quantitative analyses of the rate of apoptosis cell. (D) NaB modulates expression of Bcl-xl and Bak in DU145 cells. (E) NaB modulates expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in DU145 cells. The expression of Bcl-xl, Bcl-2, Bax and Bak were determined by western blot analysis. All experiments were repeated at least three times. Data are means ± SEM. (n = 3) (Dunnett’s test, *P<0.05 <i>vs.</i> control).</p

20 representative p53_DBD-ASPP2 complexes sampled by Martini CGMD.

The pair-wise RMSDs of ASPP2 (after aligning on p53) were shown on the right to illustrate the structural difference of ASPP2. Procedure for selecting the complexes is: A center of mass (COM) distance criteria (DBD and were subject to following processes: ASPP protein densities around p53DBD were calculated using the grid command from the CPPTRAJ program. Regions have high relative density (> 0.6) were identified as the most probable binding patterns. The COM of ASPP was drawn around p53 for each frame. For those frames their COMs are located within the high density regions, they are identified as candidates. 20 frames were randomly picked out from the candidate pool. (TIF)</p