Benchmarking of three-dimensional multicomponent lattice Boltzmann equation

We present a challenging validation of phase field multi-component lattice Boltzmann equation (MCLBE) simulation against the Re = 0 Stokes flow regime Taylor-Einstein theory of dilute suspension viscosity. By applying a number of recent advances in the understanding and the elimination of the interfacial micro-current artefact, extending to 3D a class of stability-enhancing multiple relaxation time collision models (which require no explicit collision matrix, note) and developing new interfacial interpolation schemes, we are able to obtain data which show that MCLBE may be applied in new flow regimes. Our data represent one of the most stringent tests yet attempted on LBE-one which received wisdom would preclude on grounds of overwhelming artefact flow

Will the presence of ‘fashion knockoffs’ benefit the original-designer-label product supply chain?*

Fashion knockoffs, which refer to the copycat behaviours of some brands in fashion apparel, are widely seen. It is commonly believed that the presence of fashion knockoffs harms the original-designer-label (ODL) product seller. Motivated by the industrial interviews and real-world observations, we build game-theoretical models to examine the impacts of fashion knockoffs on the ODL product supply chain and its agents with the consideration of risk attitudes. Explicitly, in the basic model, we consider a common manufacturer producing for both a knockoff product seller and a risk sensitive ODL product seller. The ODL product seller and the knockoff product seller make pricing decisions to optimise their own profits. We interestingly find that the presence of fashion knockoffs benefits the ODL product supply chain and its agents when (i) the ODL product seller is risk averse and the ratio of demand uncertainty is relatively small or (ii) the ODL product seller is risk seeking and the ratio of demand uncertainty is sufficiently large. The findings indicate that a risk averse (seeking) ODL product seller is more prone to benefit from the presence of fashion knockoffs when selling fashionable (classic) products.</p

Organocatalytic Asymmetric Cascade Reaction of 2‑Hydroxyphenyl-Substituted Enones and Isocyanates To Construct 1,3-Benzoxazin-2-ones

The development of a new bisguanidinium salt as a multifunctional organocatalyst for asymmetric cascade esterification/aza-Michael reaction between 2-hydroxyphenyl-substituted enones and isocyanates is reported. A high level of enantioinduction and excellent isolated yields were achieved under mild reaction conditions. Enantiomerically enriched 1,3-benzoxazin-2-ones were constructed, and a possible catalytic model was suggested based on the mechanism-driven experiments

Organocatalytic Asymmetric Cascade Reaction of 2‑Hydroxyphenyl-Substituted Enones and Isocyanates To Construct 1,3-Benzoxazin-2-ones

The development of a new bisguanidinium salt as a multifunctional organocatalyst for asymmetric cascade esterification/aza-Michael reaction between 2-hydroxyphenyl-substituted enones and isocyanates is reported. A high level of enantioinduction and excellent isolated yields were achieved under mild reaction conditions. Enantiomerically enriched 1,3-benzoxazin-2-ones were constructed, and a possible catalytic model was suggested based on the mechanism-driven experiments

Scheme of classifying off-target cleavage sites with the sgRNAcas9 program.

<p>(A) Different segments of the target sequence. (B) The potential off-target cleavage sites (POT) were classified into three categories by count number and position of mismatches. (C) Distinction of true and false off-targets. (D) Evaluating the degree of risk of the POT. The dangerous degree of POT from low to high is dependent on the number and position of mismatches.</p

Illustration of an open flow network.

<p>Illustration of an open flow network.</p

Distribution of positively selected sites detected on the ancestral branches of Yinpterochiroptera echolocating bats and the Old World fruit bats in the secondary structure of myosin VI protein.

<p>Protein structure was constructed based on previous studies (see Results). The positively selected site found on the ancestral branches of Yinpterochiroptera echolocating bats is highlighted with blue line. Twelve positively selected sites detected in the Old World fruit bats are highlighted with red lines.</p

International Trade Modelling Using Open Flow Networks: A Flow-Distance Based Analysis

<div><p>This paper models and analyzes international trade flows using open flow networks (OFNs) with the approaches of flow distances, which provide a novel perspective and effective tools for the study of international trade. We discuss the establishment of OFNs of international trade from two coupled viewpoints: the viewpoint of trading commodity flow and that of money flow. Based on the novel model with flow distance approaches, meaningful insights are gained. First, by introducing the concepts of trade trophic levels and niches, countries’ roles and positions in the global supply chains (or value-added chains) can be evaluated quantitatively. We find that the distributions of trading “trophic levels” have the similar clustering pattern for different types of commodities, and summarize some regularities between money flow and commodity flow viewpoints. Second, we find that active and competitive countries trade a wide spectrum of products, while inactive and underdeveloped countries trade a limited variety of products. Besides, some abnormal countries import many types of goods, which the vast majority of countries do not need to import. Third, harmonic node centrality is proposed and we find the phenomenon of centrality stratification. All the results illustrate the usefulness of the model of OFNs with its network approaches for investigating international trade flows.</p></div

Countries-products matrix reporting countries’ trophic levels in different OFNs with different products.

<p>Rows (countries) and columns (products) are arranged in descending order of <i>n</i>, and then <math><msubsup><mi>l</mi><mrow><mi>S</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>u</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>e</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>i</mi></mrow><mi>α</mi></msubsup><mo>¯</mo></math>, where <i>n</i> and <math><msubsup><mi>l</mi><mrow><mi>S</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>u</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>e</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>i</mi></mrow><mi>α</mi></msubsup><mo>¯</mo></math> are the number of colored points and the mean of trading trophic levels respectively.</p

Example of CRISPR on-target sequences found by sgRNAcas9.

<p>(A) The paired-gRNA target sites of <i>Emx1</i> gene found by sgRNAcas9 program and the paired-gRNA searching mode. (B) Illustration of one pair sgRNA targeting at exon1 of <i>Emx1</i>.</p