Calibration-Free Driver Drowsiness Classification based on Manifold-Level Augmentation

Drowsiness reduces concentration and increases response time, which causes fatal road accidents. Monitoring drivers' drowsiness levels by electroencephalogram (EEG) and taking action may prevent road accidents. EEG signals effectively monitor the driver's mental state as they can monitor brain dynamics. However, calibration is required in advance because EEG signals vary between and within subjects. Because of the inconvenience, calibration has reduced the accessibility of the brain-computer interface (BCI). Developing a generalized classification model is similar to domain generalization, which overcomes the domain shift problem. Especially data augmentation is frequently used. This paper proposes a calibration-free framework for driver drowsiness state classification using manifold-level augmentation. This framework increases the diversity of source domains by utilizing features. We experimented with various augmentation methods to improve the generalization performance. Based on the results of the experiments, we found that deeper models with smaller kernel sizes improved generalizability. In addition, applying an augmentation at the manifold-level resulted in an outstanding improvement. The framework demonstrated the capability for calibration-free BCI.Comment: Submitted to 2023 11th IEEE International Winter Conference on Brain-Computer Interfac

Education for Sustainable Development in Educating Cities : towards a Transformative Approach from Informal and Non-Formal Education

This paper summarizes the main findings of research on education for sustainable development (ESD) at the international level. The context of the research regards educating cities, or local administrations committed to education through all their policies with the purpose of transforming their territories through a human rights approach. The research's goal is to explore to what extent educating cities are capable of coping with the three ESD challenges faced today: the gap between policy and practice, the lack of a transformative approach and the hegemony of formal education. To do so, we selected three educating cities with an important background on ESD-Barcelona, Changwon and Rosario-and we implemented a case study method. A detailed analysis of all the data obtained reveals that educating cities are suitable frameworks to overcome the current ESD challenges. Their ESD initiatives count on a significant impact on citizenship, by promoting interdisciplinary, intersectorial and participatory processes mainly in informal education settings. Further research needs to be developed in order to draw a broader analysis

LaughTalk: Expressive 3D Talking Head Generation with Laughter

Laughter is a unique expression, essential to affirmative social interactions of humans. Although current 3D talking head generation methods produce convincing verbal articulations, they often fail to capture the vitality and subtleties of laughter and smiles despite their importance in social context. In this paper, we introduce a novel task to generate 3D talking heads capable of both articulate speech and authentic laughter. Our newly curated dataset comprises 2D laughing videos paired with pseudo-annotated and human-validated 3D FLAME parameters and vertices. Given our proposed dataset, we present a strong baseline with a two-stage training scheme: the model first learns to talk and then acquires the ability to express laughter. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method performs favorably compared to existing approaches in both talking head generation and expressing laughter signals. We further explore potential applications on top of our proposed method for rigging realistic avatars.Comment: Accepted to WACV202

[5-Hydroxy-3-phenyl-1-(pyridin-2-yl)pyrazol-5-olato]diphenylboron

In the title compound, C26H20BN3O, the B atom has tetra­hedral geometry and is linked to two phenyl rings, the O atom of the hy­droxy­pyrazole ring and the N atom of the pyridinyl ring. A six-membered BOCNCN ring forms by coordination of the B atom and the pyridinyl N atom. The BOCNCN ring has an envelope conformation [dihedral angle = 36.7 (1)° between the planar ring atoms and the flap] with the B atom out of the plane. In the 1-(2-pyridin­yl)-3-phenyl-5-hy­droxy­pyrazole group, the pyridinyl ring, the phenyl ring and the pyrazole ring are almost coplanar: the pyrazole ring makes a dihedral angle of 9.56 (8)° with the pyridinyl ring and 17.68 (7)° with the phenyl ring. The crystal structure is stabilized by π–π stacking inter­actions involving the pyridinyl and pyrazole rings of centrosymmetrically related mol­ecules, with ring centroid separations of 3.54 (5) Å

Risk factors for intensive care unit readmission after lung transplantation: a retrospective cohort study

Background Lung transplantation (LT) is an accepted therapeutic modality for end-stage lung disease patients. Intensive care unit (ICU) readmission is a risk factor for mortality after LT, for which consistent risk factors have not been elucidated. Thus, we investigated the risk factors for ICU readmission during index hospitalization after LT, particularly regarding the posttransplant condition of LT patients. Methods In this retrospective study, we investigated all adult patients undergoing LT between October 2012 and August 2017 at our institution. We collected perioperative data from electronic medical records such as demographics, comorbidities, laboratory findings, ICU readmission, and in-hospital mortality. Results We analyzed data for 130 patients. Thirty-two patients (24.6%) were readmitted to the ICU 47 times during index hospitalization. At the initial ICU discharge, the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score (odds ratio [OR], 1.464; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.083−1.978; P=0.013) and pH (OR, 0.884; 95% CI, 0.813−0.962; P=0.004; when the pH value increases by 0.01) were related to ICU readmission using multivariable regression analysis and were still significant after adjusting for confounding factors. Thirteen patients (10%) died during the hospitalization period, and the number of ICU readmissions was a significant risk factor for in-hospital mortality. The most common causes of ICU readmission and in-hospital mortality were infection-related. Conclusions The SOFA score and pH were associated with increased risk of ICU readmission. Early postoperative management of these factors and thorough posttransplantation infection control can reduce ICU readmission and improve the prognosis of LT patients