Inequality and development

Inequality can be analyzed from various aspects. In this paper our attention is drawn to economic inequality, most frequently manifested through income and wealth. The measurement of economic inequality is a complex task. The Lorenz curve and a number of numerical indices are applied, and let us mention the following ones: the Gini coefficient, the coefficient of variation, the Theil index and the Atkinson measure. These indices do satisfy the criteria (principles) presenting, according to general consent an appropriate measure of economic inequality: anonymity (symmetry) principle, population principle, relative income principle and the Dalton principle of transfer. In recent times, the problem of inequality has been attracting a lot of attention. The explanation should be sought in the widening of income differences (within individual countries and between them) and also in new knowledge about the relationship between inequality and development. The attitude to inequality being determined mainly by the economic development level (as presented in the Kuznets hypothesis) is gradually being replaced by the attitude to inequality being the determinant of income and its growth. Contrary to previous beliefs about the stronger income inequalities being favorable to the economic growth, more recent research has pointed to the fact that a more equal distribution of income through various channels, can possibly act as an efficient stimulus of growth

Green Growth as a Generator for Overcoming the Crisis

Faced with the severest economic crisis after World War Two, the global economy is turning to new sources of growth, which should guide it on the road to economic recovery. In such circumstances, the idea of green growth, based on the belief that economic growth and care for the environment go "hand in hand," is being reaffirmed. In a way, green growth represents a step backward, i.e., going back to the UN Conference on Environment and Development held in Rio in 1992, when environmental sustainability of economic growth was the focus of attention. On the other hand, green growth also represents a step forward, as it is a practical and flexible approach that should contribute to the implementation of the concept of sustainable development in all its dimensions:economic, environmental and also social. A large number of countries, including the European Union, follow the green growth model, respecting national idiosyncrasies, which is demonstrated in this paper. In order to communicate with Europe and the world successfully, Serbia needs to share their fundamental values and commitments, but also preserve its national economic identity. Green growth (in the context of sustainable development) is a good option for Serbia and is its strong link to the rest of the world

Peroxidase, phenolics, and antioxidative capacity of common mullein (verbascum thapsus l.) Grown in a zinc excess

Common mullein (Verbascum thapsus L.) is the dominant plant species at a disposal site polluted with metal from the hydrometallurgical jarosite zinc production process. Seeds collected at the site were germinated and plants were grown hydroponically under controlled conditions in a excess of Zn. Induction of total soluble POD activity in the root occurred at 1, 5, and 10 mM Zn, indicating Zn accumulation within the root. Accumulation of Zn in leaves was not accompanied by changes in POD activity, but resulted in gradual increase of total antioxidative capacity, which could be partly attributed to accumulation of soluble phenolics. The role of the phenolics/POD system in defense of V thapsus against zinc is discussed

Pećki paterik (Tri jezičke redakcije slovenskog prevoda Skitskog paterika)

Печский патерик (Три языковних редакций славянского перевода скитского патерика) В последнее время славянский перевод скитского патерика снова привлек внимание славистов. Виенский симпозион от 19-23 V 1974 г. был посвяшен проблемам патерика. Наряду с изложением названия и числа глав Печского патерика из третьей четврти 8. в. (до сих пор неисследованного текста), в статье сделана попытка изучить этот текст с языковой точки зренпя. Наш анализ раскрывает сложную, очень развитую структуру старейшего южнославянского скитского патерика. Кроме того этот подход дает возможность на основании выбова некоторых языковых особенностей сравнивать отдельные списки между собой. Это позволило автору предложить "рабочую схему" евентуальной филиации текстов славянского перевода скитского патерика

Uticaj proteklog vremena od prvih simptoma do dijagnoze celijakije na psihofizičko funkcionisanje i društveni život dece i adolescenata

Uvod. Celijakija je autoimunska bolest, koja nastaje zbog neadekvatneimunske reakcije u kontaktu s glutenom kod genetski predisponiranih osobapri konzumiranja glutena i srodnih proteina koji su prisutni u pšenici, raži,ječmu i ovsu. Za ovo specifično oboljenje je striktna, strogo kontrolisana idoživotna bezglutenska dijeta jedini lek. Cilj rada je da se proceni da li dužinaperioda od pojave prvih simptoma do postavljanja dijagnoze celijakijeutiče na psiho-fizičko funkcionisanje i društveni život dece i adolescenata.Metode. Studija obuhvata 116 ispitanika (39 muškog pola), uzrasta 8-18godina sa dijagnozom celijakije. U istraživanju su od instrumenata korišćeni:dokumentacioni list i specifični instrument za obolelu decu od celijakije(CDPQOL) koji meri psiho-fizičko i društveno funkcionisanje.Rezultati. Dijagnoza celijakije postavljena je kod 50% ispitanika u uzrastu dodve godine života. Kod 48,28% ispitanih, dijagnoza celijakije je postavljenaunutar tri meseca od pojave simptoma. Kod ispitanika sa celijakijom uzrastaod 8-12 godina nisu utvrđene statistički značajne razlike u psiho-fizičkomfunkcionisanju i društvenom životu u zavisnosti od vremenskog periodaod pojave prvih simptoma bolesti do postavljanja dijagnoze. Kod ispitanikauzrasta od 13 do 18 godina korišćenjem upitnika CDPQOL utvrđene sustatistički značajne razlike u domenima funkcionisanja u školi, izlascima isocijalnim događanjima, samopouzdanju, kao i ukupnom CDPQOL skoruu zavisnosti od dužine vremenskog perioda od pojave prvih simptoma bolestido postavljanja dijagnoze.Zaključak: Dužina perioda od pojave prvih simptoma do postavljanja dijagnozecelijakije uticala je značajno na psiho-fizičko funkcionisanje i društveniživot ispitanika uzrasta od 13 do 18 godina, ali ne i kod mlađih ispitanika.To potvrđuje značaj ranog postavljanja dijagnoze i započinjanja lečenja

Plasmon induced enhancement of photoinduced antibacterial activity of graphene quantum dots

Due to the exponential growth of bacterial infection as well as resistance toward most antibiotics, the development of new materials for treatment is urgently needed. In recent years, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have been identified as promising carbon nanomaterial for eco-friendly antibacterial applications due to their optical and chemical stability, non-toxicity, and biocompatibility. One of the reported GQD’s antimicrobial mechanisms is the photo-induced production of singlet oxygen (1O2). Under light exposure, GQDs transfer the energy to molecular oxygen from the surrounding medium. Oxygen molecules transform to their excited form 1O2, which causes oxidative stress in bacterial cells and reduces their viability. In this study, pristine GQDs were produced in an easy, one-step electrochemical top-down approach using graphite electrodes as a starting material. Carboxyl groups of GQDs are modified using a carbodiimide coupling reaction catalyzed by 1-ethyl-3- (3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC), with ethylenediamine (EDA) as an amine. In the next step, these NH2 terminated dots were decorated with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) by the same EDC coupling procedure. Abillity of GQDs-AuNP nanocomposite to generate singlet oxygen upon blue light (470 nm) was investigated by UV-Vis spectroscopy and 9,10- anthracenediylbis-(methylene)dimalonic acid (ABDA) as selective 1O2 traping agent. After 2 hours of blue light illumination, the band at 420 nm charachterisic for ABDA was completly disaperided only in the presence of the GQD-AuNPs indicating good prooxidative potential of composite. Photoinduced antibacterial effects of GQD-AuNPs were studied using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test which showed great antibacterial activity against several bacterial strains.Twenty-First Young Researchers’ Conference - Materials Science and Engineering: Program and the Book of Abstracts; November 29 – December 1, 2023, Belgrade, Serbi

Effects of mixed saline and alkaline stress on the morphology and anatomy of pisum sativum l.: the role of peroxidase and ascorbate oxidase in growth regulation

The effects of hyperalkaline, thermo-mineral water from Slatina on the morphology and anatomy of pea plants (Pisum sativum L.), were examined after eleven days of treatment with a mixture of tap water and Slatina water in 3:1 (T1) and 1:1 ratios (T2). Complete growth arrest of seedlings was observed in the Slatina water (T3). The alkalinity of external media was recovered to pH 8 within four days only in T1 and T2. Analysis of morphological parameters (the length of the main root, root application zone, number of lateral roots) indicated that the thermo-mineral water either promoted (T1) or inhibited (T2) the formation of lateral roots and plant growth. Comparative histological and anatomical analyses showed that inhibition of lateral roots was accompanied by an increase in the xylem and phloem. These changes in root morphology were accompanied by an increase in the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD: E.C. 1.15.1.1) and peroxidase (POD: E.C 1.1.1.17) in the soluble fraction, whereas the activities of ascorbate oxidase (AAO: E.C. 1.10.3.3) bound to the cell wall and ionic POD decreased. The lower ratio of Slatina water in the hydroponic solution contributed to a more developed mesophyll with significantly higher AAO activity in the leaves and the induction of ionic POD isoforms. Besides alkalinity and excess NaCl, we suggest that a specific combination of metals (e.g. Ca and Mg) might be responsible for subtle changes in the cell area and xylem development, leading to dramatic changes in root anatomy

Gluten-free diet influence on the way of life of children with celiac disease

Celiac disease is an autoimmune disease, which occurs due to inadequate immune response in genetically predisposed individuals in contact with gluten contained in wheat, rye, barley and oats. Removing gluten from the nutrition can be a difficult task, because wheat and other grains that contain gluten are widely used in people's daily nutrition, across the world By this paper we want to evaluate the available literature, and make a review of gluten-free diet effect on the way of life of children with celiac disease Following aspects such as cross-contamination with grains containing gluten, high prices, low availability of gluten-free products and improper labeling of food can jeopardize the treatment ie. respect of gluten free diet. Survey of literature indicates that the gluten-free diet brings a lot of social compromise in the lives of children and families who have a member with this problem in the daily life of the organization. The high incidence of psychological problems such as anxiety, depression, fears, feelings of sadness and low tolerance for frustration was observed in children with celiac disease. For better and healthier life of patients with celiac disease, the constant supervision over the production and trade of gluten-free products is needed. In addition to the aforementioned, continuous education of health workers, pharmacists, caterers, hoteliers and traders about the disease. is. required as well as a broader social activity and greater involvement of social institutions

Influence of the building energy efficiency on indoor air temperature: The case of a typical school classroom in Serbia

Greenhouse gases emission as well as total energy consumption in buildings of public importance, such as schools, municipal buildings, health care centers, can be significantly reduced by increasing buildings’ energy efficiency. Buildings’ energy consumption adds up to 37% of total energy consumption in the EU countries. In the Republic of Serbia this amount is significantly higher, about 50%. School buildings are considered as one of the most diverse structures from the point of energy-efficient design and construction. The main aim of this paper is to determine the most appropriate settings for possible improvements in energy efficiency and temperature comfort inside a typical primary school classroom in Serbia. The energy efficiency analysis was performed during the heating season for the naturally ventilated primary school classroom located in the eastern Serbia region. The analysis was performed using novel CFD model, suggested in this paper. The suggested model was used to solve two hypothetical scenarios. The first scenario simulates the temperature field in classroom with current energy characteristic envelope of the school building. The calculated numerical data from the first scenario were compared with in-situ measurements values of temperature and wall heat fluxes and showed satisfying accuracy. The second scenario was simulated to indicate possible improvements, which would allow energy consumption decrease and thermal quality enhancement. The analyzed results, calculated using the suggested numerical model under the second scenario conditions, showed that using appropriate set of measures, it is possible to obtain desired temperature comfort levels without need for increase in the building energy consumption

Analysis of the existing condition and a suggestion for obesity prevention in early school-age children

Due to the importance of the role of this topic in the lives of children, but also adults, this paper tackles numerous studies that have explored the same issue. The research findings were analyzed with regards to the examined morphological characteristics (body height, body mass, body mass index, skin folds, body fat content) and activities of younger children in the city of Rijeka. The research was conducted in the Elementary School ‘Pehlin’ and the Elementary School ‘Kozala’ on a sample of 245 pupils enrolled in the lower four grades. It was found that younger school children in Rijeka have a moderate body mass, but the percentage of body fat in boys and girls suggests increased caution. A comparison between boys and girls in terms of the morphological characteristics resulted in no statistical differences. It has also been confirmed that children engaged in sports activities show better morphological characteristics, lower body mass as well as a lower body mass index, skin folds, and body fat than children who do not play sports. After the established condition, a preventive kinesiological program was proposed as well as advice that should be followed regarding the diet and the manner in which children spend their leisure time