Tapeworm Infections in Stray Dogs and Cats in Istanbul, Turkey

This study was performed to determine the tapeworm infections of stray dogs and cats in Istanbul, Turkey. Stool samples were obtained from animals in a temporary animal rehabilitation center in Istanbul. Stools were examined microscopically for tapeworm eggs by saturated salt water flotation and by Teleman's sedimentation (for fatty stools) method and macroscopically for proglottids. Infected animals were treated with praziquantel (Cestacit Injectable Solution (R) Topkim, Turkey) at a dose of 5.68 active ingredient/kg bw and stools were re-examined daily until no parasite was seen for two consecutive days in terms of proglottids and scolices macroscopically and eggs microscopically. Out of 250 dogs, 26 (10.4%) were found to be infected with tapeworms, 16 (6.4%) with Dipylidium caninum, 10 (4%) with Taenia spp., and 2 (0.8%) with Echinococcus granulosus and, 2 (4.65%) of 43 cats had Joyeuxiella pasqualei infection

Effectiveness of eprinomectin 0.5% pour-on against gastrointestinal nematodes in naturally infected cattle

Effectiveness of eprinomectin, which until now has not been assessed in Turkey, was tested against gastrointestinal nematodes of naturally infected cattle under field conditions in Adapazari, Sakarya. Out of 25 cattle used in trial, 17 were treated with eprinomectin and 8 were kept as untreated controls. To determine gastrointestinal nematode fauna, a fecal culture was prepared from the mixed fecal samples of 25 trial cattle at 26-27 degrees C for 3 weeks. Eprinomectin 0.5% pour-on (Eprinomec 0.5% Dokme Cozelti (R), TOPKIM) at the recommended dose of 1 mL/10 kg bw (0.5 mg active ingredient/kg bw) was applied along the backline of each animal (day 0). It was determined that the gastrointestinal nematode fauna of 25 trial cows comprised Nematodirus (17%), Strongyloides (9%), Trichostrongylus (24%), Ostertagia (20%), Haemonchus (12%), Cooperia (10%), Oesophagostomum (6%), and Bunostomum (2%) genera. A t-test for independent samples showed no significant difference (P > 0.05) between the log (EPG + 1) values of control and treatment groups on the treatment day (day 0), whereas the differences were significant (P 99.5% according to geometric means and > 97.3% according to arithmetic means. However, effectiveness against individual nematode species may differ somewhat from these percentages. No adverse reactions were observed in cattle treated with eprinomectin

Efficacy of Fipronil Spot on Against Fleas on Cats and Dogs and Ticks on Dogs

Efficacy of fipronil, which until now has not been assessed in Turkey, was tested against fleas (Ctenocephalides felis, Ct. canis) on cats and fleas (Ct. canis, Ct. felis, Pulex irritans) and ticks (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) on dogs. Fipronil spot-on (Spotline (R), TOPKIM Ilac Sanayi AS, Turkey) was applied directly on to the two different skin points between the shoulder blades of animals at recommended practical doses based on the dose of 0.067 ml/kg (6.7 mg active ingredient/kg). Animals were examined for the presence of parasites several days (3-5 days) after treatment. Drug efficacy was calculated from the percentages of animals becoming free of parasites after treatment. Fipronil was 100% effective to remove and/or kill fleas on both dogs (16 dogs) and cats (15 cats) and ticks on dogs (12 dogs). Live and death parasites in decreasing numbers as a result of re-infestation and after dying were seen on a dog for 9 days after treatment, which was put together with heavy flea infested puppies. No adverse reactions were observed in both dogs and cats treated

Efficacy of Fipronil spot on against fleas on cats and dogs and ticks on dogs

Bu çalışmada Türkiye’de daha önce etkisi denenmemiş olan fipronilin doğal enfeste olan kedilerde pirelere (Ctenocephalides felis, Ct. canis) ve köpeklerde pire (Ct. canis, Ct. felis, Pulex irritans) ve kenelere (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) karşı etkisi değerlendirilmiştir. Fipronil damlatma çözeltisi (Spotline®, TOPKİM İlaç Sanayi AŞ), 0.067 ml/kg (6.7 mg aktif madde/kg) dozu esas alınarak pratik uygulama dozlarında, omuz bölgesinde, kıllar ayrılarak, iki ayrı noktaya, deriye temas edecek şekilde damlatılarak uygulanmıştır. Tedaviden sonra hayvanlar birkaç gün (3-5 gün) ektoparazit yönünden incelenmiştir. İlaç etkisi, tedavi sonrasında hayvanların parazitten tamamen arınma oranına göre hesaplanmıştır. Fipronil, kedi (15 kedi) ve köpeklerde (16 köpek) pireleri ve köpeklerde (12 köpek) keneleri öldürerek ve/veya uzaklaştırarak %100 etkili bulunmuştur. Tedaviden sonra, yoğun pire enfestasyonu görülen yavru köpeklerle bir araya konulan bir köpekte 9 gün boyunca renfestasyon ve arkasından ölüm sonucu yoğunluğu giderek azalan canlı ve ölü pireler görülmüştür. İlacın hayvanlarda olumsuz bir etkisi gözlenmemiştir.Efficacy of fipronil, which until now has not been assessed in Turkey, was tested against fleas (Ctenocephalides felis, Ct. canis) on cats and fleas (Ct. canis, Ct. felis, Pulex irritans) and ticks (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) on dogs. Fipronil spot-on (Spotline®, TOPKİM İlaç Sanayi AŞ, Turkey) was applied directly on to the two different skin points between the shoulder blades of animals at recommended practical doses based on the dose of 0.067 ml/kg (6.7 mg active ingredient/kg). Animals were examined for the presence of parasites several days (3-5 days) after treatment. Drug efficacy was calculated from the percentages of animals becoming free of parasites after treatment. Fipronil was 100% effective to remove and/or kill fleas on both dogs (16 dogs) and cats (15 cats) and ticks on dogs (12 dogs). Live and death parasites in decreasing numbers as a result of re-infestation and after dying were seen on a dog for 9 days after treatment, which was put together with heavy flea infested puppies. No adverse reactions were observed in both dogs and cats treated

Investigation of Vector-Borne Viruses in Ticks, Mosquitos, and Ruminants in the Thrace District of Turkey

There is a considerable increase in vector-borne zoonotic diseases around the world, including Turkey, such as Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), tick borne encephalitis (TBE), Rift Valley fever (RVF), and West Nile fever (WNF), causing disease and death in humans and animals and significant economical losses. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the presence of CCHF virus (CCHFV) and TBE virus (TBEV) in ticks and RVF virus (RVFV) and WNF virus (WNV) in mosquitos, as well as in sheep and cattle, in the Thrace district of the Marmara region, which borders Bulgaria and Greece. Buffy-coat samples from 86 cattle and 81 sheep, as well as 563 ticks and 7390 mosquitos, were collected and examined by quantitative real-time RT-PCR for the presence of CCHFV, TBEV, RVFV, and WNV. All buffy-coat samples from cattle and sheep were negative for these viruses. Similarly, all tick samples were negative for CCHFV-RNA and TBEV-RNA. Among 245 pools representing 7390 mosquitos, only 1 pool sample was found to be positive for WNV-RNA and was confirmed by sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that it was WNV lineage-2. No RVFV-RNA was detected in the 245 mosquito pools. In conclusion, results of this study indicate that CCHFV, TBEV, and RVFV are not present in livestock and respective vectors in the Thrace district of Marmara region of Turkey, whereas WNV-RNA was found in mosquitos from this region