The Challenges of Entrepreneurship Development in Jammu and Kashmir

The economy of state Jammu and Kashmir has suffered from disturbed conditions prevailing in the state since past 24 years .both the centre and state governments are trying to put the economy back on the rails by enabling the average person to get employment apportunities.in a state ridden with violence and having a population 600,000 unemployed youths, the challenges before j & k state are immense. In this scenario, the thrust is on employment generation for youth-both boys and girls in state.This research work shall examine the challenges of entrepreneurship development in state Jammu and Kashmir. This paper sees entrepreneurship as the process of creating something new with value by devoting the necessary time and effort, with the accompanying financial and social risks, and receiving in return monetary rewards, personal satisfaction and independence. In this era of shrinking economic activities, government should endeavor to provide the necessary infrastructures required for skills acquisition among its citizenry. This is because without technological skills, entrepreneurial spirit which drives economic development through job creation will be lacking. The paper conclude that entrepreneurship is essential for rapid and sustained economic growth but there is urgent need to change the mindset of the Average Jammu and Kashmir especially the youths towards embracing self employment and de-emphasize the search for white collar jobs that are non-existent. Entrepreneurship as a means of self employment suffers a number of great challenges”, and these challenges are what this research work would identify. Keywords: - Entrepreneurship Challenges, Development. Awarenes

Literary Representation of Racism and Civil War in Somalia: A Textual Study of Nuruddin Farah’s Cross Bones

Somalia, a country in the Horn of Africa; is wrought with multiplex conflictive issues like dictatorship, clan conflagrations, tribal animosity, and racial altercations. The menace of racism, dictatorship, tribalism and other aligned issues have rendered Somalia economically hollow, politically unstable, and volatile in the context of overall conditions. Racism in the shape of clannish skirmishes and communal confrontations in Somalia is one of the obnoxious and detrimental issues that have made it a failed state. Many writers have depicted this issue of racism through their writings. Nuruddin Farah is one of the outspoken Somalian novelists who dauntlessly denigrate racism in Somalia through his novels. Nuruddin Farah is a very prolific novelist. He has many novels to his credit that contain issues of patriarchal oppression, gender inequality, and racism. The paper attempts to show through the textual study of the novel how Nuruddin Farah projects racism and civil war in Somalia through his much acclaimed and polemical novel Cross Bones

Internal mammary artery flow in different racial groups of Pakistan

Objective: To find out any differences in free flow of internal mammary artery among different ethnic groups.Methods: This observational, cross-sectional study was conducted at the Civil Hospital, Karachi, from January 2013 to December 2015, and comprised patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting. The participants were divided into 5 groups, i.e. Sindhi, Muslim migrants from India, Punjabi, Pathan and Balochi patients. Free flow of internal mammary artery was measured immediately after harvesting within a syringe, and its flow was measured in 30 seconds. SPSS 18 was used for data analysis.Results: Of the 158 patients, 44(27.8%) were Sindhi, 33(20.9%) Punjabi, 8(5%) Baloch, 21(13.3%) Pathan and 52(32.9%) were migrants. The overall mean age was 52±8 years and the mean flow was 11.6±9.6ml per 30 seconds. The flow was 9.3±6 ml, 10±8ml, 13±11ml, 17±14ml and 15±13 ml in 30 seconds among migrants, Sindhi, Punjabi, Pathan and Baloch patients, respectively, with significant higher flow in Pathan patients compared to Sindhi and migrant patients (pConclusions: Internal mammary artery flow was higher in Pathan and Baloch patients and low in migrants and Sindhis

Negative Binomial Quasi Akash Distribution and its Applications

In this paper, we obtained a new model for count data by compounding of negative binomial with quasi Akash distribution. Important mathematical and statistical properties of the distribution have been derived and discussed. Then, parameter estimation is discussed using maximum likelihood method of estimation. Finally, the potential of the proposed model has been tested by chi-square goodness of fit test by modeling the real count data set

Graphical sequences of some family of induced subgraphs

The subdivision graph $S(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the graph obtained by inserting a new vertex into every edge of $G$. The $S_{vertex}$ or $S_{ver}$ join of the graph $G_{1}$ with the graph $G_{2}$, denoted by $G_{1}\dot{\vee}G_{2}$, is obtained from $S(G_{1})$ and $G_{2}$ by joining all vertices of $G_{1}$ with all vertices of $G_{2}$. The $S_{edge}$ or $S_{ed}$ join of $G_{1}$ and $G_{2}$, denoted by $G_{1}\bar{\vee}G_{2}$, is obtained from $S(G_{1})$ and $G_{2}$ by joining all vertices of $S(G_{1})$ corresponding to the edges of $G_{1}$ with all vertices of $G_{2}$. In this paper, we obtain graphical sequences of the family of induced subgraphs of $S_{J} = G_{1}\vee G_{2}$, $S_{ver} = G_{1}\dot{\vee}G_{2}$ and $S_{ed} = G_{1}\bar{\vee}G_{2}$. Also we prove that the graphic sequence of $S_{ed}$ is potentially $K_{4}-e$-graphical

Outsourcing and Organizational Performance in Banking Sector of Punjab, Pakistan

Organizations are more competitive these days .To maintain competitive position, Firms are developing new strategies and introducing new techniques. Outsourcing is widely recommended technique for this purpose. Outsourcing, support functions is a common practice in organizations so that the management can focus on its core functions. Outsourcing helps organization’s to improve their performance. This paper explores the impact of outsourcing on organizational performance in banking sector of Punjab, Pakistan. Key words outsourcing, organizational performance, banking, Pakista

Studies on structural elucidation of delphinium alkaloids by using LC-ESI-MS technique.

A rapid,sensitive and specific liquid chromatography-electron spray-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) method to identify the different diester-diterpenoid and monoester type alkaloids from delphinium cashmerianum Collected from Sopi Kargil. Chromatographic separation were achieved on c-18 coloumn and peaks determined by mass spectrometry in positive and negative modes.The validated method led to tentative identification of eight alkaloids on the basis of their retention times and fragmentation patterns. Results showed that the positive mode response was much higher than the negative ion mode .chromatographic conditions were optimized to obtain high resolution and short run time

Breast Cancer: Management and Survivorship

Breast cancer is one of the most common in female population worldwide and comprises about 22.9% of all cancers. Despite the prognosis and survival rates of breast cancer patients and survivors are comparatively better than other cancers, but their net outcome can be revealed by other factors like tumor grade, secondary effects of chemotherapy like insomnia and health behaviors, this distressing may decrease patient’s life expectancy. In the backdrop of this, the need of the hour for the breast cancer survivors is to assess multifactoral nonpharmacological interventions and the management that includes physical exercise, psychological and complementary medicine, which could be cost effective, widely accessible and more promising for breast cancer patients and survivors apart from pharmacological interventions

Reading Habits and Attitudes of Undergraduate Students: A Gender Based Comparative Study of Government Degree College (Boys) and Government Degree College for Women, Anantnag (J&K)

Reading habit is an essential and important aspect for crating the literate society in this world. It shapes the personality of an individual and it helps them to develop the proper thinking methods and creating new ideas.One of the main functions of library system at college level is to inculcate the reading habits among the students. Today\u27s students are the future citizens and also the nation builders of tomorrow. In present scenario, due to the influence of the social media and digital environment, students do not show much interest in reading the books, magazines and journals etc. The current study was carried out to investigate the disparity and dynamics of Reading Habits and Attitudes, also influence of social media on Reading Habits among the students of GDC (Boys) and GDC (Women). Based on the sample of 300 students, it was found that significant differences exist between the two groups of students in terms of types of reading material and reading resources used. Differences in reading habits and attitudes were also observed between male and female participants. The results clearly show that there is much disparity in reading habits and attitudes between the two genders. Social media and other digital media have greatly impacted the reading habits and Behaviour across the genders also