Theoretical Study on the Formation of 1-neutron and 2-neutron Halo Nuclei via Decay of Elements in Super-Heavy Region

The possibility for the existence of 1-neutron and 2-neutron halo nuclei through the decay of even-even nuclei 270-316116, 272-318118 and 278-320120 in the super-heavy region is studied within the frame work of the Coulomb and Proximity Potential Model (CPPM). Halo structure in neutron rich nuclei with Z<=20  is identified by calculating the neutron separation energies and on the basis of potential energy considerations. The 1n + core configuration of proposed 1-neutron halo nuclei between z=10  and Z=20 is found shifted to 2n + core configuration in higher angular momentum states. The calculation of half-life of decay is performed by considering the proposed halo nuclei as spherical cluster and as deformed nuclei with a rms radius. Except for 15C, the half-life of decay is found decreased when the rms radius is considered. Only the 1-neutron halo nuclei 26F and 55Ca showed half-lives of decay which are less than the experimental limit. None of the proposed 2-neutron halo nuclei have shown a half-life of decay lower than the experimental limit. Also, the probability for the emission of neutron halo nuclei is found to be less in super-heavy region when compared with the clusters of same isotope family. Further, neutron shell closure at neutron numbers 150, 164 and 184 is identified form the plot of  log10 T1/2 verses the neutron number of parents. The plots of Q-1/2 verses log10 T1/2 and -ln P verses log10 T1/2 for various halo nuclei emitted from the super-heavy elements are found to be linear showing that Geiger-Nuttall law is applicable to the emission of neutron halo also

A Systematic Study on the Existence of 7-9B, 16-19Ne, 8-11C, 23-30P and 26-32S Nuclei via Cluster Decay in the Super Heavy Region

Based on the Coulomb and Proximity Potential Model, we have studied the decay probabilities of various exotic nuclei from even-even nuclei in the super heavy region. The half-lives and barrier penetrability for the decay of exotic nuclei such as 7-9B, 16-19 Ne, 8-11 C, 23-30 P and 26-32 S from the isotopes 274-332116,274-334 118 and 288-334120 are determined by considering them as spherical as well as deformed nuclei. The effect of ground state quadrupole (β2), Octupole (β3) and hexadecapole (β4) deformation of parent, daughter and cluster nuclei on half- lives and barrier penetrability were studied. Calculations have done for the spherical nuclei and deformed nuclei in order to present the effects of the deformations on half-lives. It is found that height and shape of the barrier reduces by the inclusion of deformation and hence half-life for the emission of different clusters decreases and barrierpenetrability increases. Changes in the half-lives with and without the inclusion of deformation effects are compared in the graph of half -life and barrier penetrability against neutron number of parents. It is evident from the computed half lives that many of the exotic nuclei emissions are probable. Moreover shell structure effects on the half-lives of decay are evident from these plots. Peak in the plot of halflife and dip in the plot of barrier penetrability against neutron number of parent show shell closure at or near to N=184, N=200 and N=212

Beta Decay Studies of Nuclides in the Heavy Region

In the present work we studied the β-decay of various isotopes in the heavy region using the empirical formula of Fiset and Nix. It is found from the half-life that as the neutron number increases the possibility of β-decay increases. From the dependence of beta decay half-life on neutron number of parent and Q-value, we modified empirical formula of Fiset and Nix for beta decay half-life. We also developed an empirical formula for the Z-value of most stable isobar against β-decay. From the study of mass parabola for different isobars with mass number ranging from 200-223 it was found that the lowest point in the parabola, which is the Z-value of most stable isobar against β-decay, matches well with our formula predictions

Semi Empirical Formula For Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay

A Semi empirical formula for both phase space factor and Nuclear Matrix Element (NME) is developed for neutrinoless double beta decay, and the formula is used to compute the neutrinoless double beta decay half lives. Thecomputed half lives for neutrinoless double beta decay are compared with the corresponding experimental values and with those predicted by QRPA model. The semi empirical formula predictions are found to be in good agreement with experimental data. The semi empirical formula is used to predict neutrinoless double beta decay of various isotopes Ca, Ge, Se, Zr, Mo, Pd, Cd, Sn, Te, Xe, Nd and Sm that exhibiting single beta decay. As our semi empirical formula predictions agree with the experimental data we hope that the present work will be useful for the future experiments

Coleus monostachyus (P. Beauv.) A. J. Paton (Lamiaceae): A new addition to the flora of India

Coleus monostachyus (P. Beauv.) A. J. Paton is reported here as a new addition to the flora of India. It seems the seeds of this plant might have come along with the timbers imported from the SE Asian countries. A detailed morphological description based on the Indian plants and photographs are provided to facilitate easy and correct identification

Optimal conditions for production of extracellular alkaline protease from a newly isolated Bacillus subtilis strain AKRS3

A new strain of alkaline protease producing Bacillus bacterium was isolated from an alkaline soil sample and was characterized. The bacterium was identified as Bacillus subtilis based on 16S rRNA sequencing and phylogenetic tree analysis. The organism was coded as B. subtilis AKRS3. The growth curve of the organism was elucidated by culturing in a basal medium in shake flasks under ambient shaking conditions. The optimal conditions for alkaline protease production were studied by following the monofactorial methodology. Enzyme yield was found to be optimum close to 24 hours, which coincided with the commencement of the stationary phase of the bacterium. A pH of 9.0, temperature of 37o C and agitation speed of 125 rpm were also identified to be optimum for enhanced enzyme yields in shake flasks. An inoculum of 4% v/v with 24 hrs of age was also identified to be ideal for inoculation. Xylose at 2 g/l concentration and beef extract at 1.5 g/l concentration were preferred by the organism for optimum enzyme productivity in the broth. The organism displayed an NaCl tolerance of upto 1 % as optimum. Fe2+ salts at 0.01 % concentration was the preferred metal component in the medium

Effect of Lobe Count and Lobe Length of Corrugated Lobed Nozzle on Subsonic Flow Characteristics

The corrugated lobed nozzle is an emerging research topic in jet flow dynamics, and little investigation has been conducted on its effect on flow characteristics. Thus, in this study, the effects of lobe count and lobe length of corrugated lobed nozzles on subsonic jet characteristics were experimentally investigated by analyzing the velocity profiles of the jets emanating from the nozzles. The Pitot tube readings were obtained by varying the count (4 ≤ N ≤ 8) and length (10 mm ≤ L ≤ 20 mm) of corrugated lobes. These measurements were then compared with the experimental readings obtained for a baseline circular nozzle. The nozzle pressure ratio (NPR) and exit nozzle area were kept identical at 1.5 and 600 mm2, respectively, for all nozzle configurations. The most striking observation was the ‘W’-shaped radial velocity profile of the corrugated nozzle, which differed from the ‘Top hat’ profile of the baseline circular nozzle. Additionally, the length of the potential central region of the corrugated nozzle was always shorter than that of the baseline circular nozzle, indicating the early occurrence of turbulence in the former. It was found that the lobe length had a meagre effect on the velocity variation in the jet issuing from the corrugated nozzle, whereas the lobe count had a significant effect on the velocity profile. However, as the lobe count increased, the velocity profile of the corrugated nozzle gradually resembled that of the circular nozzle. The findings of this study would be beneficial for selecting a proper lobe count and lobe length while designing and implementing a corrugated lobed nozzle

Effect of washing on persistence of residues of mancozeb in cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Maton) capsules

Experiments on degradation of the fungicide mancozeb on cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) capsules by processing techniques indicated that thorough washing had a profound influence on the removal of surface residues. A waiting period of 8 to 14 days in the case of fresh capsules could be brought down to 3 to 4 days by washing. &nbsp