964 research outputs found
Collective Modes in a Dilute Bose-Fermi Mixture
We here study the collective excitations of a dilute spin-polarized
Bose-Fermi mixture at zero temperature, considering in particular the features
arising from the interaction between the two species. We show that a
propagating zero-sound mode is possible for the fermions even when they do not
interact among themselves.Comment: latex, 6 eps figure
Boson induced s-wave pairing in dilute boson-fermion mixtures
We show that in dilute boson-fermion mixtures with fermions in two internal
states, even when the bare fermion-fermion interaction is repulsive, the
exchange of density fluctuations of the Bose condensate may lead to an
effective fermion-fermion attraction, and thus to a Cooper instability in the
s-wave channel. We give an analytical method to derive the associated in
the limit where the phonon branch of the Bogoliubov excitation spectrum of the
bosons is important. We find a of the same order as for a pure Fermi gas
with bare attraction.Comment: 12 pages, no figure
Phonon spectrum and dynamical stability of a quantum degenerate Bose-Fermi mixture
We calculate the phonon excitation spectrum in a zero-temperature
boson-fermion mixture. We show how the sound velocity changes due to the
boson-fermion interaction and we determine the dynamical stability regime of a
homogeneous mixture. We identify a resonant phonon-exchange interaction between
the fermions as the physical mechanism leading to the instability.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Quadrupole collective modes in trapped finite-temperature Bose-Einstein condensates
Finite temperature simulations are used to study quadrupole excitations of a
trapped Bose-Einstein condensate. We focus specifically on the m=0 mode, where
a long-standing theoretical problem has been to account for an anomalous
variation of the mode frequency with temperature. We explain this behavior in
terms of the excitation of two separate modes, corresponding to coupled motion
of the condensate and thermal cloud. The relative amplitudes of the modes
depends sensitively on the temperature and on the frequency of the harmonic
drive used to excite them. Good agreement with experiment is found for
appropriate drive frequencies.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
The density dependence of the transition temperature in a homogenous Bose flui
Transition temperature data obtained as a function of particle density in the
He-Vycor system are compared with recent theoretical calculations for 3D
Bose condensed systems. In the low density dilute Bose gas regime we find, in
agreement with theory, a positive shift in the transition temperature of the
form . At higher densities a maximum is
found in the ratio of for a value of the interaction parameter,
na, that is in agreement with path-integral Monte Carlo calculations.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Mechanisms of action of the sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor canagliflozin on tubular inflammation and damage: A post hoc mediation analysis of the CANVAS trial
Aims: To test the hypothesis that the reduction in urinary kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) observed with the sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor canagliflozin is mediated through its effects on urine albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) by assessing the proportion of the effect of canagliflozin on KIM-1 that is mediated through its effects on MCP-1 and UACR in patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric kidney disease. Material and methods: We measured KIM-1 and MCP-1 levels in urine samples from the CANVAS trial at baseline and Week 52 with the Mesoscale QuickPlex SQ 120 platform. KIM-1 and MCP-1 were standardized by urinary creatinine (Cr). The proportion of the effect of canagliflozin that is mediated through UACR and MCP-1/Cr on KIM-1/Cr was estimated with G-computation. Results: In total, 763 patients with micro- or macroalbuminuria (17.6% of the total cohort) were included. Baseline characteristics were well balanced between the canagliflozin and placebo group. At Year 1, canagliflozin compared to placebo reduced UACR, MCP-1/Cr and KIM-1/Cr by 40.4% (95% CI 31.0, 48.4), 18.1% (95% CI 8.9, 26.4) and 30.9% (95% CI 23.0, 38.0), respectively. The proportion of the effect of canagliflozin on KIM-1/Cr mediated by its effect on UACR and in turn on MCP-1/Cr was 15.2% (95% CI 9.4, 24.5). Conclusion: Canagliflozin reduces urinary KIM-1, suggesting decreased tubular damage. This effect was partly mediated through a reduction in MCP-1, indicative of reduced tubular inflammation, which was in turn mediated by a reduction in UACR. This post hoc analysis suggests that urinary albumin leakage may lead to tubular inflammation and induction of injury, and provide mechanistic insight for how canagliflozin may ameliorate tubular damage, but further research is required to confirm these findings
Pauli Blocking of Collisions in a Quantum Degenerate Atomic Fermi Gas
We have produced an interacting quantum degenerate Fermi gas of atoms
composed of two spin-states of magnetically trapped K. The relative
Fermi energies are adjusted by controlling the population in each spin-state.
Measurements of the thermodynamics reveal the resulting imbalance in the mean
energy per particle between the two species, which is as large as a factor of
1.4 at our lowest temperature. This imbalance of energy comes from a
suppression of collisions between atoms in the gas due to the Pauli exclusion
principle. Through measurements of the thermal relaxation rate we have directly
observed this Pauli blocking as a factor of two reduction in the effective
collision cross-section in the quantum degenerate regime.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figure
Critical Temperature of a Trapped Interacting Bose Gas in the Local Density Approximation
The Bose gas in an external potential is studied by means of the local
density approximation. An analytical result is derived for the dependence of
the critical temperature of Bose-Einstein condensation on the mutual
interaction in a generic power-law potential.Comment: 6 pages, latex, no figure
The transition temperature of the dilute interacting Bose gas
We show that the critical temperature of a uniform dilute Bose gas must
increase linearly with the s-wave scattering length describing the repulsion
between the particles. Because of infrared divergences, the magnitude of the
shift cannot be obtained from perturbation theory, even in the weak coupling
regime; rather, it is proportional to the size of the critical region in
momentum space. By means of a self-consistent calculation of the quasiparticle
spectrum at low momenta at the transition, we find an estimate of the effect in
reasonable agreement with numerical simulations.Comment: 4 pages, Revtex, to be published in Physical Review Letter
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