Diagnosis and management of glutaric aciduria type I – revised recommendations

Glutaric aciduria type I (synonym, glutaric acidemia type I) is a rare organic aciduria. Untreated patients characteristically develop dystonia during infancy resulting in a high morbidity and mortality. The neuropathological correlate is striatal injury which results from encephalopathic crises precipitated by infectious diseases, immunizations and surgery during a finite period of brain development, or develops insidiously without clinically apparent crises. Glutaric aciduria type I is caused by inherited deficiency of glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase which is involved in the catabolic pathways of L-lysine, L-hydroxylysine and L-tryptophan. This defect gives rise to elevated glutaric acid, 3-hydroxyglutaric acid, glutaconic acid, and glutarylcarnitine which can be detected by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (organic acids) or tandem mass spectrometry (acylcarnitines). Glutaric aciduria type I is included in the panel of diseases that are identified by expanded newborn screening in some countries. It has been shown that in the majority of neonatally diagnosed patients striatal injury can be prevented by combined metabolic treatment. Metabolic treatment that includes a low lysine diet, carnitine supplementation and intensified emergency treatment during acute episodes of intercurrent illness should be introduced and monitored by an experienced interdisciplinary team. However, initiation of treatment after the onset of symptoms is generally not effective in preventing permanent damage. Secondary dystonia is often difficult to treat, and the efficacy of available drugs cannot be predicted precisely in individual patients. The major aim of this revision is to re-evaluate the previous diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations for patients with this disease and incorporate new research findings into the guideline

Response of oat (Avena sativa L.) to nitrogen and phosphorus levels under North Gujarat Agro-climatic conditions

ABSTRACT The field experiment, conducted to evaluate the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus on growth parameters and yield of fodder oat on loamy sand soil at sardarkrushinagar during rabi 2011-12 revealed that application of 125 kg ha phosphorus appreciably recorded the highest plant height, leaf length, leaf width, leaf: stem ratio (green and dry), leaf area per plant and leaf area index at first cut, second cut (at harvest) and in the mean values. It also resulted in highest leaf and stem weight (green and dry), green and dry fodder yield per plant and green and dry fodder yield q ha -1 recorded at first and second cut (at harvest) as well as in the total values. Key words: Oat, Fodder, Nitrogen and Phosphorus Journal of Eco-friendly Agriculture 10(1): 39-42 : 2015 In India, about 6.91 million hectares of land which contributes about 4.4 per cent of the total cultivated area are under fodder crops. Out of this only 1.02 million hectares of land is irrigated. In Gujarat state, total animal population is about 18.44 million and their optimum fodder requirement is 42.2 million tonnes, whereas only 20.0 million tonnes of fodder is made available in normal year. Thus, fodder and concentrate production is inadequate to feed the animals and there is a wide gap between the actual requirements and availability of feeds and fodders for the present population of livestock. Moreover, due to rapid reduction of grassland and pasture areas in recent year, and also due to improper management of the remaining pasture the deficit further aggravated. As a result, livestock suffers continuously with malnutrition round the year, resulting in their production capacity at sub-optimum level. It is therefore, very essential to maximize the quantity and quality of fodder production per unit area and time by proper management of grassland, pasture and also by utilizing the proper agro techniques for fodder crop production during kharif and rabi seasons. Oat is one of the most important among different rabi fodder crops. It requires the cool and moist weather for germination, tillering, booting and heading stage. More over, oat make their best growth on loam soil in the state of Punjab, Haryana, U.P., Maharashtra, Orissa, Bihar, West Bengal and Gujarat. The most important cultivated species of oat is Avena sativa, which covers about 80.0 per cent of world acreage. The rest of the area is cultivated mostly with A. byzantina and only a small area is taken under other species. Oat is used as green fodder, straw, hay or silage. Oat grain makes a good balanced concentrate in the rations for poultry, cattle, MATERIAL AND METHODS The field experiment was conducted at Agronomy Instructional Farm, C. P. College of Agriculture, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, during the rabi season of 2011-12. The soil of experimental field was loamy sand in texture with low in organic carbon and available nitrogen, medium in available phosphorus and high in potash having pH value of 7.8. Sixteen treatment combinations comprising of four levels of nitrogen viz., 50 kg ha Data on plant population in different treatments was recorded at initial stage and also at harvest while on growth and yield parameters it was recorded at the first and second cut and also at harvest. The calculated mean values were subjected to statistical analysis