Détermination d un modèle lithosphérique en Europe centrale (modélisation géophysique intégrée)

L'objectif principal de cette thèse est d'acquérir de nouvelles connaissances sur la structure tectonique et la lithosphérique de la région des Carpates et du bassin pannonien. Nous avons appliqué trois méthodes différentes: modélisation 1D,modélisation 2D géophysique intégrée et inversion 3D pour atteindre cet objectif. Ces méthodes sont similaires concernant les bases de données utilisées, mais diffèrent par le traitement et l'interprétation de données. Au début, nous avons appliqué la modélisation automatique 1D pour obtenir un premier aperçu de la région étudiée. Deuxièmement, nous avons appliqué la modélisation 2D intégré de la lithosphère qui combine l'interprétation du flux de chaleur,du géoïde, de la gravité et des données topographiques de la région des Carpates et du bassin pannonien et des régions avoisinantes. Cette approche est capable de contraindre des structures lithosphériques compliquées de la région étudiée mieux que l'interprétation de chaque donnée indépendamment. Nous présentons quatre modèles intégrés 2Dde la lithosphère dans la région des Carpates et du bassin pannonien et des régions avoisinantes. Enfin, sur la base de l'algorithme d'inversion 3D, nous présentons les modèles géophysiques de la lithosphère dans la région des Carpates et du bassin pannonien. L'algorithme calcule la structure de la densité lithosphèrique par l'inversion conjointe de la gravité, géoïde et données topographiques basé sur une approche bayésienne. Les modèles sont basés sur différents ensembles de données d'entrée et ils sont contraints par différentes données a priori. Sur la base de notre modélisation, nous ne pouvons pas confirmer l'amincissement extrême (moins de 70 km)de la lithosphère du bassin pannonien proposé par d'autres auteurs. D'autre part, les résultats montrent la tendance à l'augmentation de l'épaisseur lithosphérique de Carpates d'occidentales vers de Carpates de l'est ce que confirme les théories antérieures sur la propagation du processus de subduction. Nous avons obtenu des résultats controversés dans la région des Carpates du sud.Les résultats basés sur l'inversion 3D montrent une lithosphère extrêmement mince dans ce domaine mais les résultats basés sur la modélisation 2D intégrée ne supportent pas cet amincissement. Cependant, les deux méthodes indiquent qu'il est plausible que la plateforme Moésienne soit courbée et chevauchée sous les Carpates du sud. Dans le modèle 3D, le bord sud-est du bassin Pannonien montre une lithosphère inattendue et étonnamment mince. Puisque la zone est assez grande, nous pouvons exclure un effet de flexion, par conséquent, cette région pourrait être potentiellement intéressante pour une recherche plus approfondie.The main aim of this thesis is to gain new knowledge about the lithospherical structure and tectonics of the Carpathian Pannonian Basin region. We applied three different methods: 1Dautomatic modelling, 2D integrated geophysical modelling and 3D inversion to achieve this goal.These methods are similar concerning the used databases but differ by used processing andinterpretation. At first we apply 1D automatic modelling to get a very first overview of thestudied region. Secondly, we apply 2D integrated modelling of the lithosphere which combines the interpretation of surface heat flow, geoid, gravity, and topography data in the Carpathian Pannonian Basin region and surrounding areas. This approach is able to constrain the complicated lithospheric structures of the studied region better than interpreting each data set onits own. We present four 2D integrated models of the lithosphere in the Carpathian PannonianBasin region and surrounding areas. Finally, based on the 3D Inversion algorithm, we present the geophysical models of the lithosphere in the Carpathian Pannonian region. The algorithm returns the density structure of the lithosphere from joint inversion of free air gravity, geoid andtopography data based on a Bayesian approach. The models are based on different input data sets and constrained by different a priori data. Based on our modelling we cannot confirm theextreme thinning (less than 70 km) of the Pannonian Basin lithosphere proposed by other authors.On the other hand, the results show the increasing trend of the lithospherical thickness of theCarpathian Arc from the Western Carpathians toward the Eastern Carpathians which confirms theprevious theories about the propagation of subduction process. We got some controversial resultsin the area of the Southern Carpathians. The results based on 3D inversion show extremely thinlithosphere in the area; on the other hand, the results based on 2D integrated modelling do notsupport such thinning. However both methods indicate that it is probable that the MoesianPlatform is bend and underthrusted underneath the Southern Carpathians. The south-eastern edge of the Pannonian Basin based on 3D inversion shows unexpected and surprisingly thinlithosphere. Since the area is quite large, we could exclude an effect of flexure, therefore this area might be potentially interesting for further investigation.PARIS11-SCD-Bib. électronique (914719901) / SudocSudocFranceF

Strenuous Physical Training, Physical Fitness, Body Composition and Bacteroides to Prevotella Ratio in the Gut of Elderly Athletes

Regular physical activity seems to have a positive effect on the microbiota composition of the elderly, but little is known about the added possible benefits of strenuous endurance training. To gain insight into the physiology of the elderly and to identify biomarkers associated with endurance training, we combined different omics approaches. We aimed to investigate the gut microbiome, plasma composition, body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, and muscle strength of lifetime elderly endurance athletes (LA) age 63.5 (95% CI 61.4, 65.7), height 177.2 (95% CI 174.4, 180.1) cm, weight 77.8 (95% CI 75.1, 80.5) kg, VO2max 42.4 (95% CI 39.8, 45.0) ml.kg–1.min–1 (n = 13) and healthy controls age 64.9 (95% CI 62.1, 67.7), height 174.9 (95% CI 171.2, 178.6) cm, weight 83.4 (95% CI 77.1, 89.7) kg, VO2max 28.9 (95% CI 23.9, 33.9), ml.kg–1.min–1 (n = 9). Microbiome analysis was performed on collected stool samples further subjected to 16S rRNA gene analysis. NMR-spectroscopic analysis was applied to determine and compare selected blood plasma metabolites mostly linked to energy metabolism. The machine learning (ML) analysis discriminated subjects from the LA and CTRL groups using the joint predictors Bacteroides 1.8E + 00 (95% CI 1.1, 2.5)%, 3.8E + 00 (95% CI 2.7, 4.8)% (p = 0.002); Prevotella 1.3 (95% CI 0.28, 2.4)%, 0.1 (95% CI 0.07, 0.3)% (p = 0.02); Intestinimonas 1.3E-02 (95% CI 9.3E-03, 1.7E-02)%, 5.9E-03 (95% CI 3.9E-03, 7.9E-03)% (p = 0.002), Subdoligranulum 7.9E-02 (95% CI 2.5E-02, 1.3E-02)%, 3.2E-02 (95% CI 1.8E-02, 4.6E-02)% (p = 0.02); and the ratio of Bacteroides to Prevotella 133 (95% CI -86.2, 352), 732 (95% CI 385, 1079.3) (p = 0.03), leading to an ROC curve with AUC of 0.94. Further, random forest ML analysis identified VO2max, BMI, and the Bacteroides to Prevotella ratio as appropriate, joint predictors for discriminating between subjects from the LA and CTRL groups. Although lifelong endurance training does not bring any significant benefit regarding overall gut microbiota diversity, strenuous athletic training is associated with higher cardiorespiratory fitness, lower body fat, and some favorable gut microbiota composition, all factors associated with slowing the rate of biological aging

Continental lithospheric structure from the East European Craton to the Pannonian Basin based on integrated geophysical modelling

International audienceDue to uncertainty of single-method interpretation we applied 2-D integrated lithospheric modelling along three CELEBRATION 2000 profiles CEL01, CEL04 and CEL05. Modelling of the lithospheric thermal structure is based on the joint interpretation of gravity, geoid, topography and surface heat flow data with temperature-dependent density. The models for each profile were constrained by seismic modelling results of the large-scale international project CELEBRATION 2000. The results indicate large variations of the lithosphere thickness from the old and cold East European Craton ( 200 km) and the Trans European suture zone via the Western Carpathian orogeny to the young and hot Pannonian Basin ( 90 km). Important differences in the lithospheric thickness were also found along-strike of the Western Carpathian orogeny and the Trans-European Suture Zone. The western part of the Western Carpathians is characterized by weak thickening of the lithosphere (only about 145 km), while their eastern segment presents strong lithospheric thickening ( 190 km). The Małopolska unit in southern Poland has a lithospheric thickness of about 130 km. Thickest lithosphere (220 km) is observed around the junction of the Carpathian Foredeep and the East-European Craton. The crustal thickness follows generally the course of the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary. The results suggest different geodynamic evolution of the collision of the ALCAPA microplate with the European platform on the one hand and the East-European Craton on the other hand. It is suggested that the tectonic evolution of this very complex area consisting of different tectonic units has changed in time and space

Continental lithospheric structure from the East European Craton to the Pannonian Basin based on integrated geophysical modelling

International audienc

Deep contact of the Bohemian Massif and Western Carpathians as seen from density modeling

Density modelling was carried out along five profiles oriented across the expected deep contact between the Bohemian Massif and the Internal Western Carpathians in western Slovakia. The density models reveal the continuation of the Bohemian Massif beneath the External and Internal Western Carpathians tectonic units. The eastern margin of the Bohemian Massif is situated at depth south-east of the surface outcrops of the Pieniny Klippen Belt and changes its position in the surveyed area. The contact of the Internal Western Carpathians with the Bohemian Massif and External Western Carpathians is subvertical. This sharp contact is manifested as the transtension to extension zone towards the surface

The pre-Cainozoic basement delineation by magnetotelluric methods in the western part of the Liptovská kotlina Depression (Western Carpathians, Slovakia)

The geology and hydrogeology of the Liptovská Kotlina Depression were studied by means of new geophysical methods. Controlled source audio-frequency magnetotellurics enabled us to delineate the relief of the pre-Cainozoic basement in the western part of the Liptovská Kotlina Depression into two segments with different lithostratigraphic units. Our complex findings disprove the interconnection between the Bešeňová and Lúčky water bearing structures located in the study area. The results were interpreted in the form of a resistivity cross section and resistivity model. The geological interpretation of the obtained results, taking into account the other geophysical and geological constrains showed that the pre-Cainozoic basement has a tectonically disrupted, broken relief. The Bešeňová and Lúčky structures appear to be isolated by the Palaeogene sediments (sandstone, claystone) and in the deeper part also by marly carbonates and marlstones of the Jurassic age belonging to the Fatricum. It was confirmed that the structural connectivity of geothermal aquifers in the area between the Bešeňová and Lúčky–Kaľameny should not exist. The assumption of different circulation depth was also confirmed by geothermometry and existing radiocarbon analyses applied on groundwater in both areas

Intraplate volcanism in the Danube Basin of NW Hungary : 3D geophysical modelling of the Late Miocene Pásztori volcano

Three-dimensional geophysical modelling of the early Late Miocene Pásztori volcano (ca. 11–10 Ma) and adjacent area in the Little Hungarian Plain Volcanic Field of the Danube Basin was carried out to get an insight into the most prominent intra-crustal structures here. We have used gridded gravity and magnetic data, interpreted seismic reflection sections and borehole data combined with re-evaluated geological constraints. Based on petrological analysis of core samples from available six exploration boreholes, the volcanic rocks consist of a series of alkaline trachytic and trachyandesitic volcanoclastic and effusive rocks. The measured magnetic susceptibilities of these samples are generally very low suggesting a deeper magnetic source. The age of the modelled Pásztori volcano, buried beneath a 2 km-thick Late Miocene-to-Quaternary sedimentary sequence, is 10.4 +/− 0.3 Ma belonging to the dominantly normal C5 chron. Our model includes crustal domains with different effective induced magnetizations and densities: uppermost 0.3–1.8 km thick layer of volcanoclastics underlain by a trachytic-trachyandesitic coherent and volcanoclastic rock units of a maximum 2 km thickness, with a top situated at minimal depth of 2.3 km, and a deeper magmatic pluton in a depth range of 5–15 km. The 3D model of the Danube Basin is consistent with observed high ΔZ magnetic anomalies above the volcano, while the observed Bouguer gravity anomalies correlate better with the crystalline basement depth. Our analysis contributes to deeper understanding of the crustal architecture and the evolution of the basin accompanied by alkaline intraplate volcanism