Molecular characterization of Yeasts and Bacteria isolated from Handia, an Indian traditional rice fermented alcoholic beverage.

Handia is an Indian traditional fermented alcoholic beverage prepared from rice (Oryza sativa L.) To date, no information is available about the microorganisms associated with Handia fermentation. In this study a total of twelve yeast strains isolated from Handia were identified by partial sequencing of the D1/D2 variable domain of 26S of rRNA gene. The isolates were identified and designated as Saccharomyces cerevisiae  KpY,  S. cerevisiae 18VSL, S. cerevisiae H15, S. cerevisiae H17, Hanseniaspora guilliermondii G1,  H. guilliermondii G4,  Pichia kudriavzevii H21L, Candida glabrata H3, C. glabrata H8, C. glabrata H11, C. glabrata H12 and C. tropicalis 18VLL. Sequence analysis of 26S rRNA genes revealed 100% identity with the corresponding sequences in the GenBank with the exception of P. kudriavzevii H21L which showed 99% identity. The bacterial strains BA, B16 and B4 were identified as Brevibacillus agri, Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Kocuria sp., respectively by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The identification of yeast strains (KpY, 18VSL, H15, H17, G4 and H21L) was further confirmed by 5.8S-ITS-RFLP analysis. M13 PCR-fingerprinting indicated the presence of four different strains of S. cerevisiae in Handia. The result suggests that Handia constitutes a complex microbial consortium comprising a wide diversity of bacterial and yeast strains

COST - BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF SUBSCRIBING INDIAN PERIODICALS: A CASE STUDY OF BCKV CENTRAL LIBRARY, KALYANI, WEST BENGAL

115-123Presents the results of a study conducted with a sample of 700 users and 25 Indian periodicals subscribed continuously from 1992 to 200 1 at Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya (BCKV), Kalyani, West Bengal. The meaning, importance and the method of implementing cost benefit analysis in a library set-up is discussed with special reference to BCKV Central Library. Here, cost is measured in terms of the money spent for subscribing Indian journals and benefits are measured in terms of use frequency of the journals by different users and savings. achieved through different methods of subscription. During the 70-year period, increase in the cost of the journals ranged from 20 per cent at the lowest to 1100 per cent at the highest. The 25 journals that were selected for the study were used by 30 per cent to 75 percent of the users. The study also reveals that the cost of a journal is not directly related with its use. For example,the journal in the sample that cost most, ranked only 8th in terms of use. It has also been seen that a saving around 25% can be achieved if the journals are subscribed for three years at a time. Of course, it involves some risks and also availability of funds. The benefit is evaluated against the cost structure of the system, which is represented graphically and statistically in this paper