Phenomenology As Philosophy and Method

Phenomenology is a philosophical movement that approaches the study of human beings and their culture differently from the logical positivist model used in the natural sciences and in special education. phenomenologists view the application of the logical positivist model to the study of human beings as inappropriate because the model does not address the uniqueness of human life. in this article, the theroetical assumptions and methodological orientations of phenomenology are discussed, followed by their applications to ways of doing research in special education.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/68638/2/10.1177_074193259501600305.pd

The Structure-as-Form Paradigm 340

METHODOLOGY OF DYNAMI

Synthesis and characterisation of C-60 derivatives containing functionalised anthraquinone groups and an unusual fullerene-stabilised cation

The ortho-anthraquinonedimethane dienophiles prepared in situ from 1,4-dihydroxy-2,3-bis(bromomethyl)-anthraquinone and 1,4-dimethoxy-2,3-bis(bromomethyl)anthraquinone respectively react with the fullerene C60 to give the anthraquinone derivatives: dihydroxy-anthraquinone-C60 and dimethoxy-anthraquinone-C60. The former compound with sodium butoxide and 15-crown-5 gives the bis(sodium-15-crown-5)dioxo-anthraquinone-C60. The dimethoxy-anthraquinone-C60 reacts with [Ru(PPh3)2(NO)Cl] to form the bis-adduct {[η2-(dimethoxy-anthraquinone-C60)][Ru(PPh3 )2(NO)Cl]}. The electrochemistry of the dihydroxy- and dimethoxy-anthraquinone-C60 derivatives has been studied by cyclic voltammetry and, in contrast to 1,4-dihydroxy-2,3-dimethylanthraquinone, the compound dihydroxy-anthraquinone-C60 shows two separate one electron oxidations at lower potentials strongly suggesting a relatively rare example of a fullerene stablised cation