Identity pluralism-barriers to women empowerment in Pakistan

Masteroppgave i comparative social work - Universitetet i Nordland, 201

Hepatic vein and inferior vena caval thrombus extending into the right atrium: A rare complication of amoebic liver abscess

Amoebic liver abscess is an endemic in developing countries but few cases of associated vascular complications have been reported. The authors report a very rare vascular complication of hepatic veins and inferior vena caval (IVC) thrombosis extending into the right atrium in a young male with large amoebic liver abscess. Optimal result was achieved with early diagnosis on CT scan, percutaneous drainage of abscess, intravenous metronidazole, peri-operative anticoagulation, sternotomy and thrombectomy

Non-traumatic right hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm: An unusual cause of hemobilia and obstructive jaundice

Most hepatic artery pseudoaneurysms (HAPA) are post traumatic, and non-traumatic pseudoaneurysm is rarely reported. It is a potentially life threatening vascular disorder and difficult to diagnose before rupture. Early diagnosis and prompt nonoperative intervention of this lesion could be life saving. The authors report the case of a patient with hemobilia caused by ruptured right hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm and subsequently developed right hepatic duct stricture, which has not been reported previously. This patient was successfully treated with endovascular stent graft of pseudoaneurysm and endoscopic stenting of right hepatic duct stricture

Acute mesenteric, portal and inferior vena cava, venous thrombosis, anticoagulation

The prevalence and clinical spectrum of acute mesenteric venous thrombosis (AMVT) in Pakistan is largely unknown. The authors report two patients with acute mesenteric, portal and inferior vena cava venous thrombosis confirmed on CT imaging. The diagnoses were established within 24 hours of presentation and both patients were successfully treated with therapeutic heparin during hospital admission and continued on oral warfarin because of hypercoagulable state. The protocol that we currently use is evidence based and is leading to optimal outcome

Acute mesenteric, portal and inferior vena cava (IVC) venous thrombosis: optimal outcome achieved with anticoagulation

The prevalence and clinical spectrum of acute mesenteric venous thrombosis (AMVT) in Pakistan is largely unknown. The authors report two patients with acute mesenteric, portal and inferior vena cava venous thrombosis confirmed on CT imaging. The diagnoses were established within 24 hours of presentation and both patients were successfully treated with therapeutic heparin during hospital admission and continued on oral warfarin because of hypercoagulable state. The protocol that we currently use is evidence based and is leading to optimal outcome

PHYLLOIDES TUMOUR: REVIEW OF AN UNCOMMON BREAST PATHOLOGY AT A SPECIALIZED CANCER CENTRE

Purpose: Phyllodes tumours are rare breast tumours that comprise almost 1% of breast tumours. The outcome for these tumours is generally considered better than breast cancers. We review the cases of phyllodes tumour presenting to a specialised cancer centre over a 14 year period. Materials and Methods: All case records with the diagnosis of phyllodes tumour between 1999 and 2012 were retrieved from the cancer registry. Patient demographics, tumour site, size, axillary lymph node status, whether primary or recurrent, metastatic status, histological type, type of surgery, any complication, margin positivity, post-operative radiation therapy, local or distant recurrence, morality and follow-up duration were recorded. Data were analysed using SPSS. Results: A total of 77 cases of phyllodes tumour were seen between 1999 and 2012. All patients were female with a mean age of 39.9 years. All patients presented with a breast lump with median duration of 8 months. Almost two-thirds (65%) of the patients presented with primary tumour compared to 10% recurrent tumours and the rest were referred after surgery outside. Median size on histopathology was 5 cm (IQR 3.5–8.5 cm). Over a median follow-up duration of 31 months (IQR 9–48 months), 69 patients (89.6%) were alive, while 3 patients (3.9%) did not survive and 5 patients (6.4%) were lost to follow-up. Recurrence was seen in 10 (13%) patients with median time to recurrence of 12 months (IQR 7–24). Involved axillary lymph nodes and borderline or malignant histopathology were found to be signi cantly associated with recurrence (P = 0.04), while margin positivity, post operative radiation therapy and histopathology were not signi cantly associated with recurrence. Conclusion: Phyllodes tumour is an uncommon breast tumour that is predominantly treated with surgical excision. Although survival with these tumours is better compared to breast cancers, involvement of axillary nodes and borderline or malignant histopathology confer an increased risk of recurrence in these patients. Key words: Breast cancer, phyllodes tumours, survival

Kawalan dalaman tadbir urus wakaf di Malaysia

Wakaf merupakan instrumen sosioekonomi untuk memperkasakan kebajikan masyarakat dalam pelbagai aspek seperti pendidikan, kesihatan, ekonomi dan lain-lain. Di Malaysia, wakaf ditadbir oleh Majlis Agama Islam Negeri (MAIN) dan anak syarikat yang yang ditubuhkan di bawah MAIN seperti Perbadanan Wakaf Selangor (PWS) dan Wakaf Perak Ar-Ridzuan. Pengurusan wakaf merupakan aspek terpenting bagi menjamin kelangsungan harta wakaf itu sendiri. Tambahan pula, Matlamat ke-16 iaitu Keamanan dan Keadilan dalam Matlamat Pembangunan Mapan (Sustainable Development Goals – SDGs) oleh Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu (PBB) turut menekankan bahawa elemen tadbir urus institusi yang baik menyumbang ke arah pembangunan mapan sesebuah negara. Statistik menunjukkan terdapat lebih 11 ribu hektar tanah wakaf terbiar dan tergendala yang melibatkan wakaf am dan wakaf khas. Hal ini disebabkan oleh kelompongan yang terdapat dalam tadbir urus institusi wakaf itu sendiri. Ini menimbulkan persoalan mengenai sejauh mana pengurusan harta wakaf di Malaysia yang semestinya menjurus kepada tadbir urus institusi wakaf sebagai pihak yang bertanggungjawab. Kajian ini bertujuan melihat hubungan antara kawalan dalaman dengan tadbir urus yangbaik dalam pengurusan wakaf Institusi A. Kajian ini penting bagi memastikan pengurusan wakaf di Malaysia yang lebih baik, bersistematik dan berintegriti, serta seterusnya menjamin kelangsungan harta wakaf di Malaysia. Kaedah kajian adalah berbentuk kualitatif melalui metod perbincangan kumpulan fokus dan analisis kandungan. Hasil kajian mendapatibahawa kawalan dalaman memberi kesan terhadap pengurusan wakaf Institusi A. Dapatan kajian ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kesedaran dalam kalangan institusi wakaf dan memandang kepentingan kawalan dalaman yang menjadi penyumbang kepada tadbir urus yang baik di institusi itu sendiri

Identity pluralism-barriers to women empowerment in Pakistan

Masteroppgave i comparative social work - Universitetet i Nordland, 201