Pathya & Apathya (Wholesome & Unwholesome diet and regimen) in Yakrit Kshaya (Liver Cirrhosis) : A Narrative Review

Yakrit Kshaya (Liver Cirrhosis) is associated with vitiated Agni (digestive power), production of Ama (Undigested food) and Anuloma and Pratilomakshyaya (forward and backward depletion of Dhatu). Approximate 20% compensated cirrhosis patients and 65-95% decompensated cirrhosis patient have either Anuloma Dhatu Kshaya (forward depletion) or Pratilomana Dhatu Kshaya (backward depletion) or both types of malnutrition. Pathya (wholesome diet and regimen) is defined as the Ahara (Diet) and Vihara (regimen) that give proper nutrition to body and mind, clear the micro channels of Body (Pantha/Marga/Srotas), and provide happiness; that opposite is Apathya(unwholesome diet and regimen). A Pathya and Apathya chart for Yakrit Kshaya (Liver Cirrhosis) is prepared and presented. Chinta (anxiety), Shoka (depression), Krotha (anger), Duhkha (sorrow), Dukkha Shaiya (uncomforted bed) and Ratrijagarana (insomnia) can contribute for the indigestion even if a small quantity of Pathyaahara (wholesome diet). Normal diet with Goghruta (ghee) prepared from curd (Emulsified fat), Mamsa Rasa, milk can balance the protein. The Yakrit Kshaya patients should eat 6-8 times in small quantity (snax, mini meal ) as their Agni is low to very low. Mid night meal is also advisable for reduce protein breakdown. Restriction of water, sour and salty foods, fast foods are very crucial for the treatment outcome as it create Ama. More research on Pathya (Ayurveda diet) in Yakritkshaya (Liver cirrhosis) is encouraged

Climate Variability, Local Environmental Changes and Rural Livelihood Systems : A Case Study of Three Coastal Villages in India <Research Note>

The paper examined the trends of climate variability and local environmental changes and their implications on livelihood of the people at local level in two Coastal districts in the state of Odisha in India. A trend analysis of the climatic variables has been made based on Indian Meteorological Department database and the perception of local communities on implications of these as well as other local environmental changes on livelihood has been discussed through a case study in three coastal villages. The trend analysis has been conducted at district and regional level where as the perception analysis has been done at village level. The perception study is based on a survey of 210 households in 3 villages, extensive discussion with key informants in the local community, focused group discussions, and direct observation of the researchers. The analysis of time series meteorological data shows that there is a moderate change in climatic variables. Interestingly, the analysis of community perception at local level found some conformity between local perceptions and scientific claims about the trends of climate variability and local environmental changes. The results show that climatic variation impacts the livelihood systems of rural communities through its interaction with local natural environmental resources and other socio-economic characteristics of the communities. Local people also have considerable knowledge about the changes happening in the natural resources around them and trying to adapt to the change

Modelling and optimization of texture profile of fermented soybean using response surface methodology

In the present research, a meaty textured soybean was prepared by solid-state fermentation using Rhizopus oligosporus and dried Agaricus mushroom. The textural profile of the fermented soybean was optimized, modelled and validated by comparing the product with poultry meat. Under the optimum condition; thickness of solid substrate, inoculums volume and quantity of Agaricus mushroom powder were measured to be 1.12 cm, 5.92% (v/w) and 4.84 % (w/w), respectively. The final product is found to possess hardness 538.11 g, cohesiveness 0.41, springiness 0.39, gumminess 314.85 g, chewiness 79.43 g and resilience 0.45. There is an increase in absorbable isoflavone (daidzein) and antioxidant activity with lower carbohydrate and saturated fat content due to fermentation of soybean with R. oligosporus. The developed product possesses good nutritional (17.4% protein and 15.12% total fiber) and functional (3.9 g/100 g diadzein; antioxidant activity 3.9 mMTR) quality with low calorific value of 212.10 kCal/100 g, and it can be considered as a good “meat analogue” having the nutritional and nutraceutical richness of fermented soybeans and mushroom

Childhood leprosy: A review

Leprosy in children is of special importance as it is the indicator of transmission in community. It affects both the child and family members psychologically and functionally. In this review, we will discuss regarding epidemiology of childhood leprosy in detail, types of leprosy in children, diagnostic difficulties in children, prevention of disabilities in children, and effect of childhood leprosy on the community

Directional Hybrid FEM-MoM for Automotive System level Simulation

Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) issues are becoming increasingly important for the automotive industry. An accurate system level analysis is required from an early design stage for optimal performance. The major difficulty encountered in automotive simulation is to deal with different geometric scales, ranging from fraction of wavelengths to multiple wavelengths. In many cases, a domain decomposition method using Finite Element Method (FEM) and Method of Moments (MoM) may be effective by computing each domain separately and stitching them together using equivalent boundary currents. However, when the problem size becomes larger, this method loses its efficacy as calculation of domain interactions become computationally costly. In this paper a new method is proposed for multi-domain problems in EMC radiation emission (RE) test, based on the fact that when two domains are electrically far apart, the back scattered field from the receiving antenna to DUT is quite minimal and can be neglected. The proposed method demonstrates a substantial reduction in memory requirements and computational time when compared to traditional multidomain hybrid FEM-MoM with acceptable accuracy

Extension of 2.5D PEEC for Coplanar Structures in Power Distribution Network Analysis

Power distribution network (PDN) of a multilayered printed circuit board is designed to supply low noise and stable power to ICs. Reduced voltage levels and increasing current-supply requirements accentuates the PDN design complexity. It therefore becomes necessary to have multiple design iterations to achieve an optimal impedance profile for the PDN. 3D full-wave electromagnetic solvers, like the Partial Element Equivalent Circuit (PEEC) method, are accurate but suffer from high compute time requirements, which prohibit its use in the early design phase iterations. On the other hand, pure 2.5D methods, like the non-orthogonal 2.5D PEEC approach, have lower time and memory requirements but fail to capture coplanar coupling due to the underlying TEM assumptions. This affects the accuracy of PDN modeling for coplanar power-ground or signal-power configurations. In this work, the non-orthogonal 2.5D PEEC formulation is extended to include coplanar mutual coupling. Numerical results using quadrilateral meshes demonstrate good accuracy reasonably close to 3D full-wave formulation for planar geometries

Nonorthogonal 2.5-D PEEC for Power Integrity Analysis of Package-Board Geometries

Design of the power ground layout of a multilayered printed circuit board (PCB) is crucial for low noise and stable power supply. 2.5-D tools are better suited for early stage power distribution network (PDN) analysis over 3-D full-wave electromagnetic solvers due to faster simulation times. For example, the multilayered finite difference method (MFDM), which is based on a 2.5-D formulation on an orthogonal mesh grid, can accurately model and analyze power planes. However, this method loses its advantage while analyzing planes with irregular shapes and holes, which require unnecessarily fine discretization at boundaries for a suitable staircase approximation in an orthogonal grid. In this paper, a nonorthogonal 2.5-D partial element equivalent circuit (PEEC) formulation is proposed, employing quadrilateral mesh elements for efficient simulation of the PDN. The individual stamps for resistance, inductance, capacitance, and conductance elements for a unit quadrilateral cell are derived. Further, the methodology is enhanced to capture coplanar coupling through the introduction of mutual inductance and capacitive terms between neighboring PEEC cell pairs. The numerical results demonstrate good accuracy compared with a 3-D full-wave commercial tool for layered PCB geometries. The efficiency of the proposed method is benchmarked against an orthogonal MFDM implementation and a commercial 2.5-D tool

Non-orthogonal 2.5D PEEC for Power Integrity Analysis

Power distribution network (PDN) of a multilayered PCB is designed to supply low noise and stable power to ICs. Reduced voltage levels, increased current requirements make it challenging to attain the desired PDN impedance profile. It is therefore necessary to have multiple design iterations for optimal performance of the PDN. 3D full-wave electromagnetic solvers like the Partial Element Equivalent Circuit (PEEC) method are time constrained and therefore illsuited for early stage design. On the other hand, 2.5D tools have lower time and memory requirements and are reasonably accurate for planar power-ground structures. For example, Multilayered Finite Difference Method (MFDM) is a 2.5D formulation suitable for PDN analysis. However, present MFDM techniques are based on orthogonal meshes, such that power-ground planes with irregular shapes and holes require unnecessarily fine mesh at the boundary for a suitable staircase approximation. In this paper, a non-orthogonal 2.5D PEEC formulation is proposed to alleviate this problem. Numerical results using quadrilateral meshes demonstrate good accuracy as compared to 3D full-wave formulation for planar geometries