Sexual dimorphism in Muzeina Bedouins from South Sinai: Multivariate analysis on dermatoglyphic traits with asymmetry and diversity

The objective of this study is to compare the pattern of sex differences between two different sets of dermatoglyphic traits: 22 quantitative and 40 indices of diversity and asymmetry through Multivariate analyses in Muzeina Bedouins with high inbreeding coefficient of 0.0908 (Kobyliansky and Hershkovitz 1997) from South Sinai. A degree of universality is observed in the “digital pattern size factor” indicate the genetic factor which has more influence on these variables than environmental factors in male and female. Similarity is also observed by the factors- “intra-individual diversity”, “bilateral asymmetry” extracted from 40 traits which also suggests that a common biological validity exists in the underlying component structure. All variables (two groups) scattered into a number of small clusters are mainly categorized into three large and those are markedly similar between sexes. The above similarity was confirmed by the Mantel statistics- the Z values are within the level of non-significance, very good similarities in 22 (0.88) and good similarities in 40 (0.79) traits. Therefore, sex dimorphism is similar between two categories of dermatoglyphic traits which may be used for sex-discrimination in different ethnic populations

Finger and palmar dermatoglyphics in Muzeina Bedouins from South Sinai: qualitative traits

Qualitative finger and palmar dermatoglyphics traits of 218 individuals (170 males and 48 females), belonging to the Muzeina Bedouins – the nomadic tribe, a small isolate with a high degree of consanguinity from the South Sinai Peninsula were studied. The highest frequencies of pattern whorl (W) on the 4th finger followed by an ulnar loop (UL) on the 3rd finger for both hands in both sexes were observed. Similarly, the highest occurrence of pattern combinations W-W (67.7%) was followed by the UL-UL (65.2%) in both sexes. Finger and palmar patterns show homogeneity in nature except the 3rd finger and the 4th palmar area, which have a significant sex difference. The present results are not exactly similar with our previous studies on other populations – Chuvashian (Karmakar et al 2007), Indians (Karmakar et al 2002), Turkmenians (Karmakar et al 2010), perhaps due to a major ethnic difference and a high inbreeding level

Finger and palmar dermatoglyphics in Muzeina Bedouin from South Sinai: A quantitative study

Quantitative finger and palmar dermatoglyphics of 218 individuals (170 males and 48 females) belonging to the Muzeina Bedouins from South Sinai Peninsula. They are characterized with a high degree of consanguinity, a small isolate nomadic tribe. 22 quantitative dermatoglyphic traits (12 finger and 10 palms) were considered in the present study. Except PII (non-significant sex difference), the results of significant sex differences of finger ridge counts (TFRC), MLI are similar with the earlier studies in various populations. However, the results of palmar traits reveal homogeneity which also presents a common picture obtained in the earlier studies, perhaps due to the possible role of environmental (prenatal) factors in the realization of dermatoglyphics between finger and palm. The development of palmar dermatoglyphics has a relatively longer growth period compared with fingers (Cummins 1929). Thus, the palmar dermatoglyphic pattern of affinities corresponds better than fingers to the ethno-historic background of the populations (Reddy et al. 1988, Karmakar et al. 1989, 2002, 2008, 2010)

Sexual Dimorphism in the Turkmenian Population in Two Types of Dermatoglyphic Traits: Discriminant Analysis

The aim of this study is to compare the pattern of sex differences between two different sets of dermatoglyphic traits (22 quantitative and 42 indices of diversity and asymmetry). Finger and palmar prints of Turkmenian population (547 individuals) were used for Multivariate analyses includes Cluster, Discriminant and Mantel test of matrix correlations. All variables (two groups) scattered into a number of small clusters those are markedly similar between males and females. These results were confirmed by Discriminant analysis – the two groups of variables are almost similar, the percentages of correctly classified individuals are 64.14% (22 traits) and 65.45% (42 traits); and Mantel statistics – the Z values are within the level of non-significance, very good similarities in 22 (0.95) and good similarities in 42 (0.87) traits. Sex dimorphism is similar between two categories of dermatoglyphic variables may be used for sex – discrimination in different populations

Sexual Dimorphism in the Chuvashian Population of Russia in Two Types of Dermatoglyphic Traits: Principal Component Analysis

With the aim of determining sexual dimorphism in the component structures among the Chuvashian population of Russia, finger and palmar dermatoglyphics of 547 individuals (293 males, 254 females) were analyzed. The sex differences in two categories of dermatoglyphic traits (22 quantitative traits and 38 asymmetry and diversity traits) are reflected differently and contradictory with other ethnic groups. However, a common feature of the factor 1 »digital pattern size factor« (finger ridge counts from the first category of traits) indicate its degree of universality when compared with other populations, which suggests that the variability of finger ridge counts is determined by the same genes that control the pattern types. The factors »intra-individual finger diversity factor«, and »bi-lateral asymmetry factor« extracted from the second category of dermatoglyphic traits are also similar in both sexes. However, these components are hardly described in the literature. The nature of variation of these components (from two categories of dermatoglyphic traits) appears with a good similarity between sexes, which suggests their common biological validity of the underlying component structures of the finger and palmar dermatoglyphic characters

Intergenerational Trend of Some Dermatoglyphic Traits in Vaidyas of West Bengal, India

In order to investigate the intergenerational change of dermatoglyphics, fingerprints of 400 individuals were collected from an endogamous caste Vaidyas of Barasat, West Bengal. Results were compared with the data of an earlier sample of Banerjee collected in 35 years before on the same community of the same area. As it is generally known that dermatoglyphics is selectively neutral, thus if no other evolutionary forces play a role, we cannot expect any change of dermatoglyphic characters after several years. In the present study, non-significant change in the frequency of pattern and more or less same PII have been observed in both sexes. But significant quantitative differences were found between the two samples. These differences may not be due to the change of intra-uterine environment, rather due to the inter-observer error of these two studies and the small sample size of the earlier study. Because though same methods were used in both studies, inter-observer variation is much possible in ridge counting than pattern type determination

Inheritance of Dermatoglyphic Asymmetry and Diversity Traits in Twins Based on Factor: Variance Decomposition Analysis

Dermatoglyphic asymmetry and diversity traits from a large number of twins (MZ and DZ) were analyzed based on principal factors to evaluate genetic effects and common familial environmental influences on twin data by the use of maximum likelihood-based Variance decomposition analysis. Sample consists of monozygotic (MZ) twins of two sexes (102 male pairs and 138 female pairs) and 120 pairs of dizygotic (DZ) female twins. All asymmetry (DA and FA) and diversity of dermatoglyphic traits were clearly separated into factors. These are perfectly corroborated with the earlier studies 1–3 in different ethnic populations, which indicate a common biological validity perhaps exists of the underlying component structures of dermatoglyphic characters. Our heritability result in twins clearly showed that DA_F2 is inherited mostly in dominant type (28.0%) and FA_F1 is additive (60.7%), but no significant difference in sexes was observed for these factors. Inheritance is also very prominent in diversity Factor 1, which is exactly corroborated with our previous findings4. The present results are similar with the earlier results of finger ridge count diversity in twin data5, which suggested that finger ridge count diversity is under genetic control

Inheritance of Quantitative Dermatoglyphic Traits with Asymmetry and Diversity in Muzeina Bedouin Tribe: A Small Isolated and Consanguineous Population from South Sinai

The genetic factors contribute significantly to the determination of dermatoglyphic traits is well established. However, the controversies in views and findings of this issue are still inconclusive. The present study is an attempt to evaluate the inheritance of quantitative dermatoglyphic traits with asymmetry (DA and FA) and diversity (Div) through sibling correlations. Data include 218 individuals from (88 families) in a small isolate, the nomadic tribe Muzeina with a high degree of consanguinity (0.09) from South Sinai. Statistical analyses include sibling correlations, cross-correlations and genetic correlation (GC) – a ratio of sibling cross-correlation between traits divided on square root of the both traits sibling correlation product. The familial correlation coefficients for quantitative dermatoglyphic traits are perhaps expected lower in such a small isolated and consanguineous population than our previous studied in Indian populations and Chuvashian populations from Russia. These results indicate a simpler genetic basis due to high degree (0.09 inbreeding coefficient) of consanguinity in Muzeina Bedouin tribe. There is no evidence of major gene involvement, although a little genetic effect obtained from familial correlations on asymmetry (DA and FA) and diversity (Div) traits through sibling correlations. The significant interaction between sexes was found, which contradicts with the other populations perhaps due to high level of consanguinity. Lower correlation coefficients than in other non-consanguineous populations for quantitative dermatoglyphic traits indicate a simpler genetic basis due to high degree of inbreeding coefficient (0.09) in Muzeina. Dermatoglyphic asymmetry and diversity traits may be due to environmental factors rather than dominance in Bedouins, although a little genetic effect was found suggests a measure of developmental instability in human (FA)