Synthesis of Nio-nanoparticles on nanoporous clay matrix and catalytic transfer hydrogenation reaction

Ni°-nanoparticles of 0–8 nm were prepared in situ by impregnation of Ni(CH3COO)2 into the nanopores of modifiedmontmorillonite(Mt)followedbypolyolreduction.TheMtwasactivatedwithHClundercontrolled condition for generating desired pore sizes. The porous materials were characterized by XRD, TEM, SEM, UV–visible spectroscopy, FTIR and XPS analysis. N2 adsorption data revealed specific surface areas (BET) in the range of 296–548 m2/g, specific pore volumes of 0.4–0.6 cm3/g and pore diameters of 0–6.8 nm. XRD pattern of Ni°-nanoparticles revealed the formation of face centered cubic (fcc) lattice. These supported Nio-nanoparticles show efficient catalytic activity in transfer hydrogenation of acetophenone to 1phenylethanol with about 98% conversion, having nearly 100% selectivi

Dicarbonylruthenium(II) complexes of diphosphine ligands and their catalytic activity

The hexa-coordinated chelate complexes of the type [Ru(CO)2Cl2(P-P)](1a,b) [where P-P = 9,9-dimethyl- 4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)xanthene(a) and [bis(2-diphenylphosphinophenyl)ether(b)] have been synthesized by reacting the polymeric precursor [Ru(CO)2Cl2]n with the ligands in 1:1 molar ratio. The complexes 1a,b are characterized by elemental analyses, Mass, IR and NMR spectroscopy together with the single crystal X-ray structure determination of 1a. The compound 1a crystallizes in a monoclinic system with space group C2/c showing a slightly distorted octahedral geometry around the Ru centre. The complexes 1a and 1b are thermally stable up to 300 �C and exhibit high catalytic activity in transfer hydrogenation of aldehyde and ketones to corresponding alcohols. The complexes 1a and 1b show much higher catalytic activity for the hydrogenation of aldehyde than ketones. In general, the catalytic efficiency of 1b is higher compared with 1a

Synthesizing habitat connectivity analyses of a globally important human-dominated tiger-conservation landscape

As ecological data and associated analyses become more widely available, synthesizing results for effective communication with stakeholders is essential. In the case of wildlife corridors, managers in human-dominated landscapes need to identify both the locations of corridors and multiple stakeholders for effective oversight. We synthesized five independent studies of tiger (Panthera tigris) connectivity in central India, a global priority landscape for tiger conservation, to quantify agreement on landscape permeability for tiger movement and potential movement pathways. We used the latter analysis to identify connectivity areas on which studies agreed and stakeholders associated with these areas to determine relevant participants in corridor management. Three or more of the five studies’ resistance layers agreed in 63% of the study area. Areas in which all studies agree on resistance were of primarily low (66%, e.g., forest) and high (24%, e.g., urban) resistance. Agreement was lower in intermediate resistance areas (e.g., agriculture). Despite these differences, the studies largely agreed on areas with high levels of potential movement: >40% of high average (top 20%) current-flow pixels were also in the top 20% of current-flow agreement pixels (measured by low variation), indicating consensus connectivity areas (CCAs) as conservation priorities. Roughly 70% of the CCAs fell within village administrative boundaries, and 100% overlapped forest department management boundaries, suggesting that people live and use forests within these priority areas. Over 16% of total CCAs’ area was within 1 km of linear infrastructure (437 road, 170 railway, 179 transmission line, and 339 canal crossings; 105 mines within 1 km of CCAs). In 2019, 78% of forest land diversions for infrastructure and mining in Madhya Pradesh (which comprises most of the study region) took place in districts with CCAs. Acute competition for land in this landscape with globally important wildlife corridors calls for an effective comanagement strategy involving local communities, forest departments, and infrastructure planners

Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

This online publication has been corrected. The corrected version first appeared at thelancet.com on September 28, 2023BACKGROUND : Diabetes is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide, and affects people regardless of country, age group, or sex. Using the most recent evidentiary and analytical framework from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD), we produced location-specific, age-specific, and sex-specific estimates of diabetes prevalence and burden from 1990 to 2021, the proportion of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in 2021, the proportion of the type 2 diabetes burden attributable to selected risk factors, and projections of diabetes prevalence through 2050. METHODS : Estimates of diabetes prevalence and burden were computed in 204 countries and territories, across 25 age groups, for males and females separately and combined; these estimates comprised lost years of healthy life, measured in disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs; defined as the sum of years of life lost [YLLs] and years lived with disability [YLDs]). We used the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) approach to estimate deaths due to diabetes, incorporating 25 666 location-years of data from vital registration and verbal autopsy reports in separate total (including both type 1 and type 2 diabetes) and type-specific models. Other forms of diabetes, including gestational and monogenic diabetes, were not explicitly modelled. Total and type 1 diabetes prevalence was estimated by use of a Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, to analyse 1527 location-years of data from the scientific literature, survey microdata, and insurance claims; type 2 diabetes estimates were computed by subtracting type 1 diabetes from total estimates. Mortality and prevalence estimates, along with standard life expectancy and disability weights, were used to calculate YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs. When appropriate, we extrapolated estimates to a hypothetical population with a standardised age structure to allow comparison in populations with different age structures. We used the comparative risk assessment framework to estimate the risk-attributable type 2 diabetes burden for 16 risk factors falling under risk categories including environmental and occupational factors, tobacco use, high alcohol use, high body-mass index (BMI), dietary factors, and low physical activity. Using a regression framework, we forecast type 1 and type 2 diabetes prevalence through 2050 with Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and high BMI as predictors, respectively. FINDINGS : In 2021, there were 529 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 500–564) people living with diabetes worldwide, and the global age-standardised total diabetes prevalence was 6·1% (5·8–6·5). At the super-region level, the highest age-standardised rates were observed in north Africa and the Middle East (9·3% [8·7–9·9]) and, at the regional level, in Oceania (12·3% [11·5–13·0]). Nationally, Qatar had the world’s highest age-specific prevalence of diabetes, at 76·1% (73·1–79·5) in individuals aged 75–79 years. Total diabetes prevalence—especially among older adults—primarily reflects type 2 diabetes, which in 2021 accounted for 96·0% (95·1–96·8) of diabetes cases and 95·4% (94·9–95·9) of diabetes DALYs worldwide. In 2021, 52·2% (25·5–71·8) of global type 2 diabetes DALYs were attributable to high BMI. The contribution of high BMI to type 2 diabetes DALYs rose by 24·3% (18·5–30·4) worldwide between 1990 and 2021. By 2050, more than 1·31 billion (1·22–1·39) people are projected to have diabetes, with expected age-standardised total diabetes prevalence rates greater than 10% in two super-regions: 16·8% (16·1–17·6) in north Africa and the Middle East and 11·3% (10·8–11·9) in Latin America and Caribbean. By 2050, 89 (43·6%) of 204 countries and territories will have an age-standardised rate greater than 10%. INTERPRETATION : Diabetes remains a substantial public health issue. Type 2 diabetes, which makes up the bulk of diabetes cases, is largely preventable and, in some cases, potentially reversible if identified and managed early in the disease course. However, all evidence indicates that diabetes prevalence is increasing worldwide, primarily due to a rise in obesity caused by multiple factors. Preventing and controlling type 2 diabetes remains an ongoing challenge. It is essential to better understand disparities in risk factor profiles and diabetes burden across populations, to inform strategies to successfully control diabetes risk factors within the context of multiple and complex drivers.Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.http://www.thelancet.comam2024School of Health Systems and Public Health (SHSPH)SDG-03:Good heatlh and well-bein

FUS MODULATES RUNX1-MEDIATED TRANSCRIPTION VIA PHASE SEPARATION TO MAINTAIN CELLULAR INTEGRITY IN HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS AND LYMPHOID PROGENITORS

Ph.DDOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (SOM

The RUNX Family, a Novel Multifaceted Guardian of the Genome

The DNA repair machinery exists to protect cells from daily genetic insults by orchestrating multiple intrinsic and extrinsic factors. One such factor recently identified is the Runt-related transcription factor (RUNX) family, a group of proteins that act as a master transcriptional regulator for multiple biological functions such as embryonic development, stem cell behaviors, and oncogenesis. A significant number of studies in the past decades have delineated the involvement of RUNX proteins in DNA repair. Alterations in RUNX genes cause organ failure and predisposition to cancers, as seen in patients carrying mutations in the other well-established DNA repair genes. Herein, we review the currently existing findings and provide new insights into transcriptional and non-transcriptional multifaceted regulation of DNA repair by RUNX family proteins

Assessing genetic diversity and population structure for prioritizing conservation of the critically endangered Great Indian Bustard (Aredotis nigriceps)

The critically endangered Great Indian Bustard Ardeotis nigriceps (GIB) is on the verge of imminent extinction, and exists as fragmented populations with 100–150 birds in India and a few in neighbouring Pakistan. Rajasthan holds the largest population of ∼128 birds, Gujarat has ∼5, and Maharashtra-Karnataka-Andhra Pradesh having ∼10 birds. Their range and abundance have reduced by 90% within last 50 years, primarily due to hunting, habitat loss to agriculture and industry, and power-line collisions. Conservation agencies are implementing habitat protection/restoration and conservation breeding as insurance against extinction and for future reintroductions/supplementation. To guide these ongoing in-situ and ex-situ conservation measures, we examined patterns of genetic diversity, population structure, bottlenecks and dispersal using microsatellite and mitochondrial markers. Analyses of 73 individual GIB revealed low mt-DNA (h=0.554, π = 0.001) and microsatellite diversity (Ho=0.32). Bayesian clustering analysis identified three genetic populations. Migration between these populations was low and asymmetric, highest being from Rajasthan into Maharashtra (9%) and Madhya Pradesh (4%), perhaps due to extreme habitat fragmentation and small numbers. Rajasthan population encompassed the maximum genetic diversity, that along with its large size and availability of breeders, made it ideal for sourcing founders for conservation breeding. However, the presence of private alleles in other populations implies that additional sourcing of birds from Andhra Pradesh and Gujarat may be required to capture the extant gene pool of GIB in captive founder population

Towards understanding of PRC2 binding to RNA

10.1080/15476286.2019.1565283RNA Biology162176-18

Rhodium carbonyl complexes containing pyridine carboxylic acid ligands: Reactivity towards various electrophiles and catalytic activity

The complex [Rh(CO)(2)Cl](2) reacts with two molar equivalent of pyridine carboxylic acids ligands Py-2-COOH(a), Py-3-COOH(b) and Py-4-COOH(c) to yield rhodium(I) dicarbonyl chelate complex [Rh(CO)(2)(L')](1a) {L' = eta(2)-(N,O) coordinated Py-2-COO-(a')} and non-chelate complexes [Rh(CO)(2)CIL''](1b,c) (L'' = eta(1)-(N) coordinated Py-3-COOH(b), Py-4-COOH(c)). The complexes 1 undergo oxidative addition (OA) reactions with different electrophiles such as CH3I, C2H5I, C6H5CH2Cl and I-2 to give penta coordinated Rh(III) complexes of the types [Rh(CO)(CORn)XL'], {n=1,2,3; R-1 =-CH3(2a); R-2 =-C2H5(3a); X=I and R-3 =-CH2C6H5 (4a); X=Cl}, [Rh(CO)I2L'](5a), [Rh(CO)(CORn)ClXL''] {R-1=-CH3(6b,c); R-2 =-C2H5(7b,c); X=I and R-3=-CH2C6H5 (8b,c); X=Cl} and [Rh(CO)ClI2L''](9b,c). The complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR and H-1 NMR spectroscopy. Kinetic data for the reaction of 1a-b with CH3I indicate a first order reaction. The catalytic activity of 1a-c for the carbonylation of methanol to acetic acid and its ester is evaluated and a higher turn over number (TON = 810-1094) is obtained compared with that of the well-known commercial species [Rh(CO)(2)I-2](-) (TON = 653) at mild reaction conditions (temperature 130 +/- 5 degrees C, pressure 35 +/- 5 bar). (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p