The Misuse of Terrorism Prosecution in Chile: The Need for Discrete Consideration of Minority and Indigenous Group Treatment in Rule of Law Analyses

The Mapuche of South America have long struggled to maintain control over their ancestral lands, territory that now falls under the sovereign domain of Argentina and Chile. Since Chilean independence in the 19th century, the relationship between the Mapuche and the Chilean government has ranged between full-blown conflict and various forms of compromise and accommodation. However, over the past few decades, the Chilean government\u27s economic interests in Mapuche lands have grown significantly and the government has seized control of significant portions of the lands. The Mapuche have consistently resisted the government\u27s encroachment on their lands and have protested through both violent and non-violent means. Faced with mounting pressure from government and business interests to quell Mapuche opposition, the Chilean government recently turned to an archaic terrorism statute left over from the Pinochet regime. By prosecuting Mapuche defendants under the terrorism statute, the government was able to bypass procedural protections afforded to non-Mapuche defendants accused of similar conduct under the ordinary criminal code. This comment argues that the Chilean government\u27s misuse of the terrorism statute exemplifies the need for discrete consideration of indigenous and minority group treatment when analyzing whether a country conforms to rule of law principles. Minority and indigenous groups are most vulnerable to breakdowns in the rule of law, a reality that is only amplified by the current geopolitical climate of counterterrorism. Therefore, the comment argues that rule of law analyses, by considering the particular vulnerability of indigenous and minority populations, can play a pivotal role in striking the proper balance between counterterrorism and human rights

The Misuse of Terrorism Prosecution in Chile: The Need for Discrete Consideration of Minority and Indigenous Group Treatment in Rule of Law Analyses

The Mapuche of South America have long struggled to maintain control over their ancestral lands, territory that now falls under the sovereign domain of Argentina and Chile. Since Chilean independence in the 19th century, the relationship between the Mapuche and the Chilean government has ranged between full-blown conflict and various forms of compromise and accommodation. However, over the past few decades, the Chilean government\u27s economic interests in Mapuche lands have grown significantly and the government has seized control of significant portions of the lands. The Mapuche have consistently resisted the government\u27s encroachment on their lands and have protested through both violent and non-violent means. Faced with mounting pressure from government and business interests to quell Mapuche opposition, the Chilean government recently turned to an archaic terrorism statute left over from the Pinochet regime. By prosecuting Mapuche defendants under the terrorism statute, the government was able to bypass procedural protections afforded to non-Mapuche defendants accused of similar conduct under the ordinary criminal code. This comment argues that the Chilean government\u27s misuse of the terrorism statute exemplifies the need for discrete consideration of indigenous and minority group treatment when analyzing whether a country conforms to rule of law principles. Minority and indigenous groups are most vulnerable to breakdowns in the rule of law, a reality that is only amplified by the current geopolitical climate of counterterrorism. Therefore, the comment argues that rule of law analyses, by considering the particular vulnerability of indigenous and minority populations, can play a pivotal role in striking the proper balance between counterterrorism and human rights

Dental Care for Foster Children in San Diego County.

Conclusion: Even for non-foster parents, accessing the healthcare system in this country can, at times, seem like a daunting task. In that sense, foster parents are no different. However, foster children are more vulnerable given their situation and the barriers they encounter. There should be a system implemented that ensures that these children are able to get the care they need. As the data shows, compliance with—and therefore access to—medical appointments is fairly good in San Diego County. Dental care, however, is a different story. The poor access to care is likely a combination of high costs of services and procedures, especially when they are not covered by insurance, of poor reimbursement for providers which leads to providers not accepting Medi-Cal, of lack of information about how often children should visit their dentist, as well as at what ages attendance is appropriate, and poor dissemination of information to foster parents about availability of clinics that take Medi-Cal and see children. There are likely many other barriers that are yet to be investigated. Even if we have not yet identified all the barriers, we can begin to have an impact by making some changes in our system. Foster children should have the same access to medical care as other children and we should try to overcome the barriers foster parents face in accessing the healthcare system

Analysis and Empirical Testing of Income Smoothing Using Discretionary Accounting Changes

One way to smooth earnings is to use accounting changes. This paper focuses on discretionary accounting changes as the smoothing device used by firms. This paper tests for smoothing behavior as a function of incentives. The association between the smoothing behavior displayed within a sample of firms and firm-specific explanatory variables is examined

Aesthetics of the Surface: Post-1960s Latin American Queer Rewritings of the Baroque

In this dissertation, I examine the ways in which four contemporary Latin American authors have rewritten seventeenth-century Baroque aesthetics, histories, and texts by focusing on the queer body. Rather than following the usual trajectory from the Hispanic Baroque to the Cuban Neobaroque, I trace an alternative path in which I analyze the works of a seemingly disparate group of poets and artists: Néstor Perlongher, Alejandra Pizarnik, Luis Felipe Fabre, and Jesusa Rodríguez. Their texts and performances appropriate not only the structures and themes of the Baroque, but also the minutiae of their source texts. Each writer establishes a practice that draws from Baroque aesthetics and Neobaroque intertextuality—namely its parody, artifice, and proliferation of citations—while more extensively and critically reworking a specific text or group of texts. Rooted in a queer sexuality that is mapped onto the page and materialized as textual play, their rewritings, I argue, structure an aesthetics of the sensuous, material surface. Their rewritings thus constitute a critique of heteropatriarchal cultural legacies and present us with alternative modes of understanding our relationship to literature and history. By weaving together close readings of the source texts and their rewritten versions, I explore how these rewritings carve out a space for non-normative histories, interpretations, and literary practices.Chapter One focuses on the work of Néstor Perlongher, particularly on his first two books of poetry, Austria-Hungría (1980) and Alambres (1988). In this chapter, I argue that the queer body serves as the structuring mechanism of Perlongher’s neobarroso poetics. Through the queer body, Perlongher disrupts and perverts the semblance of realism and normativity. This disruption drives the queering of History through the violent corrosion of language and reimagining of historical figures that results in a queer carnival of pleasure and wordplay in place of linearity and communicative language. This chapter also serves to outline and structure what is meant by queer rewriting throughout this dissertation and serves as a starting point for the construction of an aesthetics of the surface.Chapter Two studies Alejandra Pizarnik’s 1965/1971 short prose text, La condesa sangrienta. This chapter explores the connections between Pizarnik’s La condesa sangrienta and the Baroque; the chapter’s aim is to find new affinities in Alejandra Pizarnik’s work and to read La condesa as a precursor to the neobarroso. Chapter Three turns to the work of Mexican poet Luis Felipe Fabre’s La sodomía en la Nueva España (2010), a poetic text that rewrites the seventeenth-century history of a group of men who were tried and burnt at the stake for their sodomitic acts in New Spain. My analysis centers on how Fabre’s rewriting of these particular texts counter the poetic model that had been at the center of Mexican poetry since José Gorostiza and Octavio Paz. Chapter Four takes up the 1995 performance Sor Juana en Almoloya (Pastorela virtual), written and directed by Jesusa Rodríguez. In Sor Juana en Almoloya, Rodríguez imagines the seventeenth-century nun imprisoned in Almoloya in the twenty-first century. The performance structures a critique of the Catholic church and the Mexican state, as well as a critique of the way we have come to understand and historicize the past. Beyond simply appropriating baroque structures and aesthetics, these four authors return to specific historical moments and figures to reread them from the perspective of the body and queer pleasure. Their textual engagement with the surface, both as an act of rendering the hidden visible and as language play that reveals but never resolves paradoxes, thus opens up countless possibilities for non-normative literary and historical genealogies and practices

Street Food Vending in Vancouver: An Opportunity for Local Economic Development

This report is about the City of Vancouver’s street food vending policy. It looks at the challenges and opportunities faced by the City in its effort to expand the types of food, the nutritious content and the geographical distribution of street food sold on the streets. The report offers a view of the stakeholders and regulations that shape the activity. It provides recommendations for future policy changes which would enable the expansion of the types of food sold on the street while arguing the benefits this program would offer as a local economic development strategy to encourage the involvement of entrepreneurs from low income segments of the population of Vancouver.Applied Science, Faculty ofCommunity and Regional Planning (SCARP), School ofUnreviewedGraduat