Kompetencje pielęgniarskie w interdyscyplinarnym modelu rehabilitacji chorych po przebytym niedokrwiennym udarze mózgu

Nursing is an independent medical profession, the essence of which is providing health services as well as teaching, conducting research, managing nurses and midwife teams, and working in other capacities related to health care. Nurses, in addition to taking care of their patients, have to also pay attention to their patients’ families, living and socio-economic conditions, work environment, their local community, as well as religion and cultural values. The aim of the article is to draw attention to a nurse's responsibilities in working with people after a stroke within the context of the interdisciplinary rehabilitation model. The interdisciplinary model of care and rehabilitation of a patient after stroke requires close cooperation and interaction between different specialists, constant flow of information within the team, as well as providing consistent information to the patient. Ignorance of the type of work conducted by some members of the team members by others may undermine the effectiveness of rehabilitation. Comprehensive care and therapy carried out by an interdisciplinary team should aim towards mutual support and the work of each member should complement the actions taken by others.Zawód pielęgniarki jest samodzielnym zawodem medycznym, którego istotą jest udzielanie świadczeń zdrowotnych, nauczanie zawodu, prowadzenie prac naukowo-badawczych, kierowanie i zarządzanie zespołami pielęgniarek i położnych oraz praca na innych stanowiskach związanych z udzielaniem świadczeń zdrowotnych. Pielęgniarka, opiekując się chorym, współpracuje także z rodziną, uwzględniając jego środowisko życia, pracy i nauki oraz społeczność lokalną, w tym religię, wartości kulturowe oraz warunki socjoekonomiczne. Celem pracy jest zwrócenie uwagi na kompetencje pielęgniarki w pracy z osobami po udarze niedokrwiennym mózgu w interdyscyplinarnym modelu jego rehabilitacji. Interdyscyplinarny model opieki i rehabilitacji nad chorym po udarze mózgu wymaga ścisłej współpracy i wzajemnej interakcji pomiędzy wieloma specjalistami, stałego przepływu informacji zwrotnych w zespole, a także przekazywania jednakowej informacji pacjentowi. Nieznajomość specyfiki pracy poszczególnych członków zespołu przez pozostałych może obniżać wyniki rehabilitacji. Kompleksowa opieka i terapia prowadzona przez interdyscyplinarny zespół powinna wzajemnie wspierać i uzupełniać działania podejmowane przez poszczególnych jego członków

Anthropometric Indices as Predictive Screening Tools for Obesity in Adults; The Need to Define Sex-Specific Cut-Off Points for Anthropometric Indices

Due to the lack of full agreement as to the best indicators for obesity diagnosis and type, the aim of this study was to assess the comparative classification capabilities with the use of BIA results and selected anthropometric indices in individuals aged 20–60 years. This was a cross-sectional observational study among 368 Caucasian subjects aged 20–60 years. Body size and four skinfolds measurement were taken. To assess individual body composition, the bioelectrical impedance (BIA) method was applied. The results of fat mass (FM, kg) and fat-free mass (FFM, kg) were taken to calculate FM/FFM, fat mass index (FMI), and fat free mass index (FFMI). Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was employed to compare the predictive power of different anthropometric indices in differentiating the classification of obesity in adults. The results of this study demonstrated and confirmed the need to change the approach to commonly used indicators such as BMI (body mass index) or WHtR (waist-to-height ratio), which should lead to the establishment of new criteria for the diagnosis of obesity that will also be sex-specific, in the adult population. The measurement of body fat content should become a generally accepted indicator for effective diagnosis, as well as for screening, of obesity

Accumulation of Minerals in Faba Bean Seeds and Straw in Relation to Sowing Density

Faba beans (Vicia faba L.) are a high-protein legume crop that can be widely cultivated in most climates in Europe. The amino acid composition of the faba bean protein is also beneficial for monogastric animals since it contains a great deal of lysine, an amino acid that is deficient in cereals. Two genotypes of faba beans were cultivated at three sowing densities (45, 60 and 75 seeds per m2) during three growing seasons (years 2013–2015). The aim of the research was to assess accumulation of nutrients (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) of two faba beans in seeds and straw under different sowing densities. A field experiment was conducted in 2013–2015 at fields of Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences in southwestern Poland from which plant material was used for chemical analysis in terms of determining the accumulation of the following elements—N, P, Mg, K and Ca—in the seeds and straw. The results showed that the genotypes of the faba bean varied greatly in accumulation of nutrients in various sowing densities and in following years of research. However, the average accumulation of nitrogen, calcium and magnesium in seeds for three years (2013–2015) was significantly higher in the Bobas cultivar under 60 seeds per m2 as well as in both tested cultivars using 75 seeds per m2. Accumulation of potassium and phosphorus in seeds was highest in both analyzed cultivars using 60 and 75 seeds per m2 (average for 2013–2015). Considering accumulation of elements in the straw of faba bean, it is shown that the concentration of potassium and calcium was the highest in both tested cultivars under the effect of sowing density at 60 and 75 seeds per m2 while the concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus and magnesium did not differ significantly as an effect of the interaction of cultivar and sowing date (average for 2013–2015). Weather conditions played an important role in accumulation of nutrients of both faba bean genotypes in the years of research (2013–2015)

Blood Copper Levels and the Occurrence of Colorectal Cancer in Poland

There is a need for sensitive and specific biomarkers for the early detection of colorectal cancer. In this retrospective study, we assessed whether a high blood copper level was associated with the presence of colorectal cancer. The blood copper level was measured among 187 colorectal cancer patients and 187 matched controls. Cases and controls were matched for sex, smoking status (yes/no) and year of birth. Among the cases, the mean blood copper level was 1031 µg/L (range 657 µg/L to 2043 µg/L) and among the controls, the mean blood copper level was 864 µg/L (range 589 µg/L to 1433 µg/L). The odds ratio for colorectal cancer for those in the highest quartile of copper level (versus the lowest) was 12.7 (95% CI: 4.98–32.3; p < 0.001). Of the patients with stage I–II colon cancer, 62% had a copper level in the highest quartile. A blood copper level in excess of 930 µg/L is associated with an increase in the prevalence of colorectal cancer in the Polish population and its potential use in early detection programs should be considered

Comprehensive Biological Evaluation of Biomaterials Used in Spinal and Orthopedic Surgery

Biological acceptance is one of the most important aspects of a biomaterial and forms the basis for its clinical use. The aim of this study was a comprehensive biological evaluation (cytotoxicity test, bacterial colonization test, blood platelets adhesion test and transcriptome and proteome analysis of Saos-2 cells after contact with surface of the biomaterial) of biomaterials used in spinal and orthopedic surgery, namely, Ti6Al4V ELI (Extra Low Interstitials), its modified version obtained as a result of melting by electron beam technology (Ti6Al4V ELI-EBT), polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and polished medical steel American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) 316L (the reference material). Biological tests were carried out using the osteoblasts-like cells (Saos-2, ATCC HTB-85) and bacteria Escherichia coli (DH5α). Results showed lack of cytotoxicity of all materials and the surfaces of both Ti6Al4V ELI and PEEK exhibit a significantly higher resistance to colonization with E. coli cells, while the more porous surface of the same titanium alloy produced by electron beam technology (EBT) is more susceptible to microbial colonization than the control surface of polished medical steel. None of the tested materials showed high toxicity in relation to E. coli cells. Susceptibility to platelet adhesion was very high for polished medical steel AISI 316L, whilst much lower for the other biomaterials and can be ranked from the lowest to the highest as follows: PEEK < Ti6Al4V ELI < Ti6Al4V ELI-EBT. The number of expressed genes in Saos-2 cells exposed to contact with the examined biomaterials reached 9463 genes in total (ranging from 8455 genes expressed in cells exposed to ELI to 9160 genes in cells exposed to PEEK). Whereas the number of differentially expressed proteins detected on two-dimensional electrophoresis gels in Saos-2 cells after contact with the examined biomaterials was 141 for PEEK, 223 for Ti6Al4V ELI and 133 for Ti6Al4V ELI-EBT. Finally, 14 proteins with altered expression were identified by mass spectrometry. In conclusion, none of the tested biomaterials showed unsatisfactory levels of cytotoxicity. The gene and protein expression analysis, that represents a completely new approach towards characterization of these biomaterials, showed that the polymer PEEK causes much more intense changes in gene and protein expression and thus influences cell metabolism

Serum selenium level and cancer risk: a nested case-control study

Abstract Background Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated a relationship between selenium status and cancer risk among those with low selenium levels. It is of interest to prospectively evaluate the relationship between selenium and cancer among women who reside in a region with ubiquitously low selenium levels. Methods We performed a nested case-control study of baseline serum selenium levels and cancer risk using data and biological samples from 19,573 females that were participants in a biobanking initiative between 2010 and 2014 in Szczecin Poland. Cases included women with any incident cancer (n = 97) and controls (n = 184) were women with no cancer at baseline or follow-up. Serum selenium was quantified using mass spectroscopy. Results The odds ratio associated being below the cutoff of 70.0 μg/L compared to a level above 70.0 μg/L was 2.29 (95% CI 1.26–4.19; P = 0.007). The risks for women in the two middle categories were similar and suggests that the normal range be between 70 μg/L and 90 μg/L. There was evidence for an increased risk of cancer among women in the highest category of selenium levels (i.e., > 90 μg/L), but this association did not achieve statistical significance (OR = 1.63; 95%CI 0.63–4.19; P = 0.31). Conclusions Results from this study suggest that suggest that the optimum serum level of selenium in women living in Poland should be between 70 μg/L and 90 μg/L