Lateral orbital wall approach to the cavernous sinus: laboratory investigation

Journal ArticleObject. Lesions of the cavernous sinus remain a technical challenge. The most common surgical approaches involve some variation of the standard frontotemporal craniotomy. Here, the authors describe a surgical approach to access the cavernous sinus that involves the removal of the lateral orbital wall. Methods. To achieve exposure of the cavernous sinus, a lateral canthal incision is performed, and the lateral orbital rim and anterior lateral wall are removed, for later replacement at closure. The posterior lateral orbital wall is removed to the region of the superior and inferior orbital fissures. With reflection of the dural covering of the lateral cavernous sinus and removal of the anterior clinoid process, the cavernous sinus is exposed. Results. Exposure and details of the procedure were derived from anatomical study in cadavers. After the approach, with removal of the anterior clinoid process, the entire cavemous sinus from the superior orbital fissure anteriorly to the Meckel cave posteriorly is exposed. More exposure to the lateral middle fossa, foramen spinosum, and petrous carotid artery is obtained by further removal of the lateral sphenoid wing. An illustrative case example for approaching a cavernous sinus meningioma is presented. Conclusions. The translateral orbital wall approach provides a simple, rapid approach for lesions with primary or secondary involvement of the cavernous sinus. Advantages of this simple, extradural approach include the lack of brain retraction and no interruption of the temporalis muscle

Synthesis and Cytotoxic Activity of Various alkyl 2-{di[(diethoxy phosphoryl) methyl]amino}ester Derivatives

We have been synthesized simple, efficient various alkyl 2-{di[(diethoxy phosphoryl) methyl]amino}ester derivatives by reacting amino acid esters 1(a-j), paraformaldehyde and two molar equivalents of diethyl hydrogenphosphonate (2) in tetrahydrofuran at 55-65 °C for 10 hrs. All the compounds 3(a-j) were assessed for cytotoxicity against some important types of human chronic myeloid leukemia cells (K-562) and human colon carcinoma cells (Colo-205) along with noncancerous human embryonic kidney cells (HEK-293). © 2020 Author(s)

Design, Synthesis, Characterization of Geminal Bisphosphonates and Bioactivity Evaluation

Cancer is a deadly disease evading all human efforts to understand its etiology, prevention, and cure. In cancer, chronic myelogenous leukemia is one type. It is also known as chronic myeloid leukemia. It is a malignant cancer of the myeloid line of cells in the bone marrow that results in the uncontrolled growth of white blood cells in the bone marrow, bloodstream, and body tissues. Colorectal cancer is another type of cancer that occurs in the colon or rectum. Sometimes it is called colon cancer. Management of these cancers is highly difficult. In persuasion of our goal to synthesize cancer active compounds, the author accomplished the synthesis of substituted amino methylene bisphosphonates (3a-j) and studied their antitumor activity. © 2020 Author(s)

A physical mechanism for North Atlantic SST influence on the Indian summer monsoon

A link between the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) and multidecadal variability of the Indian summer monsoon rainfall is unraveled and a long sought physical mechanism linking Atlantic climate and monsoon has been identified. The AMO produces persistent weakening (strengthening) of the meridional gradient of tropospheric temperature (TT) by setting up negative (positive) TT anomaly over Eurasia during northern late summer/autumn resulting in early (late) withdrawal of the south west monsoon and persistent decrease (increase) of seasonal monsoon rainfall. On inter-annual time scales, strong North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) or North Annular mode (NAM) influences the monsoon by producing similar TT anomaly over Eurasia. The AMO achieves the interdecadal modulation of the monsoon by modulating the frequency of occurrence of strong NAO/NAM events. This mechanism also provides a basis for explaining the observed teleconnection between North Atlantic temperature and the Asian monsoon in paleoclimatic proxies