STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE OF PANCHATIKTA GHRITA AND STUDY OF ITS ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY

Sneha kalpana is the specialized pharmaceutical procedure to prepare oleaginous medicine from Kalka and Drava- dravya. While reviewing ancient texts variations are found regarding preparatory procedures, ingredients used, confirmatory tests advised, indication of Panchatikta Ghrita. All the information available is in scattered form in different texts. To overcome these ambiguities it is necessary to develop Standard Operating Procedure (SOP). In this SOP the Sequential, Scientific and Logical illustration and documentation of each and every step is given. In Pre-Operative phase Shodhana of Guggulu and Murchchana of Ghrita was carried out. In operative phase Kwath-4L, Kalka-90gm, Guggul-70gm, Murchchit ghrita-240ml were taken together and subjected Snehasadhan vidhi for 3 days giving 2 hours of heat daily keeping the temp. in between 500 to 900 C till Snehasiddhi lakshana obtained.175gm of Panchatikta ghrita was prepared according to this SOP. It took 9 days to complete entire procedure. Quality parameter assessment was done by carrying physicochemical analysis viz. Sp. Gravity, Ref. index, Congealing point Sap value, Iodine value etc. Further antimicrobial study of Panchatikta ghrita against E-coli, Streptococcus Pyogens, Staphylococcus Aurens, S.typhi, C. Albicans etc was carried out. But no zone of inhibition was seen for any of the selected micro-organisms. The in vitro negative results didnt entirely reveal its therapeutic efficacy. In Ayurvedic therapeutics the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of the drug entirely depends upon Rasa, Veerya, Veepaka, Prabhava and balance of Tridosha in the body. The ingredients of Panchatikta Ghrita with their Rasa, Veerya, Veepak are very much competent to exhibit antimicrobial property from Ayurvedic perspective

Evaluation of Antioxidant Capacities and Total Polyphenols in Various Edible Parts of Capparis spinosa L. Collected from Trans-Himalayas

The phytochemical screening, antioxidant capacity, and total polyphenols in the methanolic extract of leaves, flower buds, roots and fruits of Capparis spinosa collected from trans-Himalayan region of Ladakh were assessed in an effort to corroborate its medicinal and culinary potential. Highest DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity were observed in the leaves and least in dried fruit samples, even FRAP assay also illustrated the same trend. IC50 values of DPPH assay was highly correlated with that of ABTS (R2=0.9084) and FRAP assay (R2=0.9771). However, IC50 value of ABTS was reasonably correlated with FRAP assay (R2=0.5838). The highest phenolic and flavonoid content was recorded in the leaf samples (24.78 and 5.69 mg GAE/g DW respectively), whereas it was lowest in the dried fruit samples (4.07 mg quercetin equivalent/g DW and nil, respectively). The total phenolic contents were highly correlated with IC50 value of ABTS (R2=0.9084), DPPH (R2=0.9388) and FRAP value (R2=0.9618). But, total flavonoid contents were highly correlated with ABTS (R2=0.7449), DPPH (R2=0.8791) and FRAP values (R2=0.9588). Thus, this study has validated the medicinal potential of all the edible parts of the C. spinosa

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Not AvailableIn the present study 101 bacterial isolates were obtained from rhizosphere of rice plants (Oryza sativa L.) cv PR-118 and PRH-10 cultivated in a field at ICAR-Indian Institute of Seed Science, Mau Nath Bhanjan, Uttar Pradesh, India at different stages of growth seedling stage [37 days old after transplantation (RI stage)], booting stage [80 days old after transplantation (RII stage)], Maturating stage [100 days old after transplantation (RIII stage)]. The bacterial isolates were tested for various nutrient mobilizing properties as well as plant growth promotion activities including siderphore production, ammonia production and P solublization in in-vitro conditions. Seventy nine bacterial isolates were found to be siderophore producers, 78 were ammonia producers and 39 were Psolublizers with varying potentials in different activities. It was observed that siderophore producers declined in number as the plant ages but simultaneously the efficiency of siderophore production among them increased with the age of plant. The number of ammonia producers increased from seedling stage to booting stage and declined at maturity stage and the same trend at different growth stages of plant was observed in the ammonia production capability of the isolates. Similar trend was observed for the number of P solublizers and their P solublization capability which in both the cases was found to be maximum at booting stage. The present study reveals that the rhizospheric microbial population and functions changes with the physiological requirement of plants during its developmental growth stages as well as nutritional status of soil.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableSoil and plant samples from black rot infected fields were processed to isolate wild type Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) bacteriophages by overlay agar method. Various Xcc strains were employed as indicator hosts. The aim of this study was to isolate and purify potential bacteriophages for their ability to lyse plant pathogenic strains of Xcc in vitro. Bacteriophages were purified and selected for further characterization based on their ability to produce clear lysis on plaque assay. Seventeen strains of pathogenic Xcc were tested for sensitivity to 31 phages isolated during the study. Lysis was graded subjectively as per standard. A virulent phage Xcc9SH3 isolated from soil sample from Lucknow was found to lyse all tested strains of Xcc in vitro. Characterization of Xcc9SH3 was done based on plaque morphology, phage titre, organic solvent sensitivity, effect of temperature and transmission electron microscopy. The size of long noncontractile tail of the phage was 100 nm in length and 10 nm in width with 20 nm diameter of head. The isometric head of the phage predicted to belong to Siphoviridae (dsDNA viruses) family of bacteriophages. These phages may be useful tool in specific and efficient detection and control of Xcc causing black rot disease in cole crops.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableThe ecological success of microbes in consortium which was otherwise compatible in plate assay was evaluated in mung bean in this study. It was found that even though they show compatibility in plate assay, they may not always have synergistic effects when applied as consortium in the crop. Three isolates from rice rhizosphere (RI-3, RII- 4 and RIII-4) were tested in single, dual and triple inoculants consortium in mungbean. Plants were raised in green house with eight treatments containing single, dual and triple inoculant consortium with appropriate control to check the ecological compatibility of three selected strains. The isolates were found enhancing seed germination, leaf emergence, 50% flowering, chlorophyll content, number of branches, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, protein content and nutrient uptakeby plants as compared to control (untreated plants). Results were pronounced in sterilised soils than unsterlised soil. Higher seed yield was recorded in sterilized soil from dual inoculation of RI-3+RII-4 (10.21g/plant) and RI-3+RIII-4 (9.75g/plant) as compared to control (5.62g/ plant) in sterilised soil. Though all three isolates were compatible, plants receiving triple inoculation produced 7.33g/plant of seed yield which was significantly higher than control but lower to dual inoculation. Dual inoculation found more ecological successful than triple. A more or less similar trend was observed in other parameters too. However, the effect of inoculation was clearer in sterile soil.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableHeavy metal contamination poses a serious threat to both the ecosystem and human and requires expensive cleanup costs. Bioremediation based on microorganisms, plants, or other biological systems offers cost-effective and environment friendly metal clean-up methods. Studies on bacterial diversity in heavy metal contaminated sites have demonstrated a high diversity of microorganisms that are adapted to the new environment. Bacteria that are resistant to and grow on metals play an important role in the biogeochemical cycling of those metal ions. In pursuit to identify bacteria that are tolerant to different heavy metals and can have a potential in bioremediation, surveys, and collection of samples from several presumptive heavy metal-polluted sites of India were carried out. A total of 77 bacterial morphotypes were obtained, and based on minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of different heavy metals, that is Pbþ2, Niþ2, Cdþ2, Crþ3, Hgþ2, Cuþ2, Znþ2, Coþ2, and Asþ2, thirteen potential bacterial isolates were identified possessing very high and multiple heavy metal tolerance like arsenic (50–1100mg kg 1), lead (100–2000mg kg 1), chromium (250–500mg kg 1), cadmium (50–100mg kg 1), and other heavy metals. All potential bacteria were morphologically characterized, identified based on the 16 s rRNA gene sequences, and studied for plant growth promoting attributes. Bacterial strains were found to be phosphate solubilizers, siderophore and ammonia producers, and nitrate reducers. Bacillus cereus MB1, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens RD4, Bacillus megaterium MF7, and E. cloacae MC4 were evaluated for alleviation of As, Cr, Ni, and Pb toxicity, respectively in spinach. The inoculation of plants with respective heavy metal-tolerant bacteria under study gave higher records of all estimated growth parameters, total chlorophyll content and antioxidant enzyme, superoxide dismutase, activity and differential response in proline biosynthesis when compared to respective uninoculated heavy metal controls. Overall selected plant growth-promoting heavy metal-tolerant bacterial inoculations were found to promote growth and reduce the respective heavy metal toxicity in spinach plant. Since heavy metal contamination in agricultural lands is becoming serious environmental concern, the heavy metal-tolerant plant growth-promoting strains reported in this study can offer suitable economical and ecofriendly base for development of the bioremediation strategies.Not Availabl

Augmentation of metal tolerant bacteria elevate growth and reduce metal toxicity in Spinach.

Not AvailableHeavy metal contamination poses a serious threat to both the ecosystem and human and requires expensive cleanup costs. Bioremediation based on microorganisms, plants, or other biological systems offers cost-effective and environment friendly metal clean-up methods. Studies on bacterial diversity in heavy metal contaminated sites have demonstrated a high diversity of microorganisms that are adapted to the new environment. Bacteria that are resistant to and grow on metals play an important role in the biogeochemical cycling of those metal ions. In pursuit to identify bacteria that are tolerant to different heavy metals and can have a potential in bioremediation, surveys, and collection of samples from several presumptive heavy metal-polluted sites of India were carried out. A total of 77 bacterial morphotypes were obtained, and based on minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of different heavy metals, that is Pbþ2, Niþ2, Cdþ2, Crþ3, Hgþ2, Cuþ2, Znþ2, Coþ2, and Asþ2, thirteen potential bacterial isolates were identified possessing very high and multiple heavy metal tolerance like arsenic (50–1100mg kg 1), lead (100–2000mg kg 1), chromium (250–500mg kg 1), cadmium (50–100mg kg 1), and other heavy metals. All potential bacteria were morphologically characterized, identified based on the 16 s rRNA gene sequences, and studied for plant growth promoting attributes. Bacterial strains were found to be phosphate solubilizers, siderophore and ammonia producers, and nitrate reducers. Bacillus cereus MB1, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens RD4, Bacillus megaterium MF7, and E. cloacae MC4 were evaluated for alleviation of As, Cr, Ni, and Pb toxicity, respectively in spinach. The inoculation of plants with respective heavy metal-tolerant bacteria under study gave higher records of all estimated growth parameters, total chlorophyll content and antioxidant enzyme, superoxide dismutase, activity and differential response in proline biosynthesis when compared to respective uninoculated heavy metal controls. Overall selected plant growth-promoting heavy metal-tolerant bacterial inoculations were found to promote growth and reduce the respective heavy metal toxicity in spinach plant. Since heavy metal contamination in agricultural lands is becoming serious environmental concern, the heavy metal-tolerant plant growth-promoting strains reported in this study can offer suitable economical and ecofriendly base for development of the bioremediation strategies.Not Availabl

Proceedings of National Conference on Relevance of Engineering and Science for Environment and Society

This conference proceedings contains articles on the various research ideas of the academic community and practitioners presented at the National Conference on Relevance of Engineering and Science for Environment and Society (R{ES}2 2021). R{ES}2 2021 was organized by Shri Pandurang Pratishthan’s, Karmayogi Engineering College, Shelve, Pandharpur, India on July 25th, 2021. Conference Title: National Conference on Relevance of Engineering and Science for Environment and SocietyConference Acronym: R{ES}2 2021Conference Date: 25 July 2021Conference Location: Online (Virtual Mode)Conference Organizers: Shri Pandurang Pratishthan’s, Karmayogi Engineering College, Shelve, Pandharpur, India