Traditionally Cultivated Salt Tolerant Rice Varieties Grown in Khazan Lands of Goa, India and Their Grain Quality Characteristics

The khazan lands (saline lands) have the potential for growing traditional rice varieties which are salt tolerant during rainy season without supplemental irrigation. In khazan land the rice varieties grown are limited, but specific traditional rice varieties like Korgut, Khochro and Assgo are grown predominantly. During this study, we have collected 10 traditionally cultivated rice varieties which grown in saline areas. These varieties were with unique morphological characteristics of shape, size and color. The physicochemical characteristics such as physical, chemical and cooking characteristics were studied. Among the varieties, the highest hulling (80%) was noted in varieties Muno, Shiedi and lowest in varieties Bello and Kalo Damgo (73%). The Length/Breadth (L/B) ratio ranged from 2.02-2.86. The lowest chalkiness was recorded in variety Kalo Novan (33.30%) and highest in variety Korgut (87.86%). Among the varieties studied, the amylose content (AC) ranged from 14.6-23.7% in variety Khochro and Kalo Novan respectively. The gel consistency was highest in traditionally cultivated rice variety Damgo (75.3 mm) and lowest in Khochro (34.6 mm). Kernel length after cooking (KLAC) ranged from 2.38-4.78 mm. The highest KLAC was recorded in Bello and minimum in variety Korgut. Kernel elongation ratio (ER) ranged from 1.03-1.66. The present investigation revealed that the traditionally cultivated rice varieties viz. Bello, Korgut, Khochro and Kalo Novan were with good grain quality characteristics. Key words: Grain quality, Khazan lands, Physico-chemical properties, Rice diversity Shilpa J. Bhonsle and S. Krishnan. Traditionally Cultivated Salt Tolerant Rice Varieties Grown in Khazan Lands of Goa, India and Their Grain Quality Characteristics. J Phytol 3/2 (2011) 11-1

Grain Quality Evaluation of Traditionally Cultivated Rice Varieties of Goa, India

AbstractThe physicochemical characteristics such as physical (hulling, head rice recovery (HR), broken rice (BR), grain classification, chalkiness), chemical (alkali spreading value, amylose content (AC), gel consistency (GC), aroma) and cooking characteristics (volume expansion, elongation ratio, water uptake) were studied for 22 traditionally cultivated rice varieties from Goa, in comparison with high yielding rice varieties Jaya, Jyoti and IR8. The hulling percentage ranged from 63-81% and HR recovery from 45-74%. Among the varieties Length/Breath ratio ranged from 1.5-3.5 and the AC ranged from 14-25%. The lowest percentage of chalkiness was recorded in variety Barik Kudi. Highest GC was recorded in variety Salsi and lowest in Khochro.  The kernel elongation ratio ranged from 4.78-1.83 mm and water uptake ratio ranged from 160-390. Some of traditionally cultivated rice varieties are with excellent grain quality characteristics. The rice variety korgut which predominantly grown in khazan lands could be used in breeding programmes to develop high saline varieties. Keywords: Amylose content, Grain quality, Physicochemical characteristics, Traditional rice varietie

Incidence of oral leucoplakias among 20,358 Indian villagers in a 7-year period.

A group of 20,358 villagers in two districts of India has been followed for 7 years to study the incidence of oral leucoplakia. The follow-up rate of the population in two districts ranged from 61% to 71%. In one of the districts (Bhavnagar) no new cases of leucoplakia were found among females in the 7-year period. Among males 105 cases developed (4-0/1000/year). The incidence was highest among hookli (clay pipe) smokers. In the Ernakulam district the incidence among males was 3-3/1000/year whereas among females it was 1-9/1000/year. The mixed habits group had the highest incidence of oral leucoplakias (7-2 and 9-9/1000/year among males and females respectively)

Proposal for creating a centre for research in solar-terrestrial physics as an interdepartmental activity during IHY at Shivaji University, Kolhapur (16.40°N, 74.15°E)

This note describes teaching and R & D activities presently being carried out in the solar-terrestrial Physics at the Space Science laboratory, Department of Physics, Shivaji University, Kolhapur. A variety of solar and geophysical ground based experiments are available, which can be operated on a regular basis during IHY, with financial help from the government funding agencies in India. The main purpose of this note is to briefly describe our experimental research facilities of relevance to IHY

The precancer risk of betel quid chewing, tobacco use and alcohol consumption in oral leukoplakia and oral submucous fibrosis in southern Taiwan

In areas where the practise of betel quid chewing is widespread and the chewers also often smoke and drink alcohol, the relation between oral precancerous lesion and condition to the three habits is probably complex. To explore such association and their attributable effect on oral leukoplakia (OL) and oral submucous fibrosis (OSF), a gender–age-matched case–control study was conducted at Kaohsiung, southern Taiwan. This study included 219 patients with newly diagnosed and histologically confirmed OL or OSF, and 876 randomly selected community controls. All information was collected by a structured questionnaire through in-person interviews. A preponderance of younger patients had OSF, while a predominance of older patients had OL. Betel quid chewing was strongly associated with both these oral diseases, the attributable fraction of OL being 73.2% and of OSF 85.4%. While the heterogeneity in risk for areca nut chewing across the two diseases was not apparent, betel quid chewing patients with OSF experienced a higher risk at each exposure level of chewing duration, quantity and cumulative measure than those who had OL. Alcohol intake did not appear to be a risk factor. However, cigarette smoking had a significant contribution to the risk of OL, and modified the effect of chewing based on an additive interaction model. For the two oral premalignant diseases combined, 86.5% was attributable to chewing and smoking. Our results suggested that, although betel quid chewing was a major cause for both OL and OSF, its effect might be difference between the two diseases. Cigarette smoking has a modifying effect in the development of oral leukoplakia

Smoking and drinking in relation to oral potentially malignant disorders in Puerto Rico: a case-control study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Oral cancer incidence is high on the Island of Puerto Rico (PR), particularly among males. As part of a larger study conducted in PR, we evaluated smoking and drinking as risk factors for oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs).</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Persons diagnosed with either an OPMD (n = 86) [oral epithelial dysplasia (OED), oral hyperkeratosis/epithelial hyperplasia without OED] or a benign oral tissue condition (n = 155) were identified through PR pathology laboratories. Subjects were interviewed using a standardized, structured questionnaire that obtained information, including detailed histories of smoking and drinking. Odds ratios (ORs) for smoking and drinking in relation to having an OPMD, relative to persons with a benign oral tissue condition, were obtained using logistic regression and adjusted for age, gender, education, fruit/vegetable intake and smoking or drinking.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>For persons with an OPMD and relative to individuals with a benign oral tissue condition, the adjusted OR for current smoking was 4.32 (95% CI: 1.99-9.38), while for former smokers, the OR_adjwas 1.47 (95% CI: 0.67-3.21), each OR_adjrelative to never smokers. With regard to drinking, no adjusted ORs approached statistical significance, and few point estimates exceeded 1.0, whether consumption was defined in terms of ever, current, level (drinks/week), or beverage type.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>In this study, conducted in Puerto Rico, current smoking was a substantial risk factor for OPMDs while former smokers had a considerably reduced risk compared to current smokers. There was little evidence suggesting that alcohol consumption was positively associated with OPMD risk.</p

A Novel Approach for the Optimal PMU Placement using Binary Integer Programming Technique

Phasor measurement units (PMUs) are considered as a promising tool for future monitoring, protection and control of power systems. In this paper, a novel approach is proposed in order to determine the optimal number and locations of PMUs to make the power system observable. The PMU placement problem is formulated as a binary integer linear programming, in which the binary decision variables (0, 1) determine where to install a PMU, preserving the system set observability, such as full or partial. The proposed approach integrates the impacts of both existing conventionalpower injection/flow measurements (if any) and the possible failure of single or multiple PMU / communication line into the decision strategy of the optimal PMU allocation. The network topology and hence network connectivity matrix remains unaltered for the inclusion of conventional measurements. Program is developed usingMatlabsoftware and is tested on sample seven-bus system and IEEE 14 bus system

HIGH‐CYCLE SPRING FATIGUE TEST MACHINE

A fatigue‐test machine for simultaneous testing of up to 12 compression springs is described. The test machine successfully generates fatigue failure data in a short time at low cost. A cumulative probability plot is shown to illustrate the results of one of the tests run on this machine. Copyright © 1993, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserve

On the Determination of the Coefficient of Friction and the Friction Factor by the Strip-Tension Friction Test

The strip tension friction test was used to investigate friction conditions in the forming of thin aluminum sheet without lubrication. In this test. which simulates metal flow around the leading face of a punch. the level of friction is judged based on tool-workpiece interaction when a metal strip, bent in the shape of a U. is stretched plastically around two fixed cylindrical friction pins. Friction is described by means of both friction coefficients and friction factors. Variables were pin diameter. surface condition of aluminum, and test orientation with respect to rolling direction. The effects of elastic and plastic deformation states in the straight portions of the strip upon friction conditions are also addressed. © 1990 CIRP