Planning and Scheduling in Construction through Model Approach

The ambiguity, delays, and complexity of projects in construction industry in the present scenario makes it needed for proper planning a particularly when the difficulty arises in the task for project managers due to the need to visualize the forthcoming activities at the construction site. Ability to manage the risk factors being foreseen is an important criterion for the success of the project. Conventional computer-assisted technology through software can help but is often limited to the practical issues involved. Virtual model of the project gives an improved method through the visualisation of construction activities by computer simulation. This paper explains the methods of virtual model analysis to optimize construction planning schedules by analysing resource allocation and planning. Construction & resource models, construction planning schedules and site-layout plans are taken help to optimize the project objectives. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.150511

STABILITY INDICATING RP-HPLC AND HPTLC METHODS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF ZANAMIVIR IN BULK AND DOSAGE FORM

Objective: To develop a simple, precise, accurate, validated stability indicating reverse phase high-pressure liquid chromatography and high-performance thin layer chromatography method for the determination of zanamivir in bulk and capsule dosage form.Methods: The high-pressure liquid chromatography separation was achieved on Agilent TC C18 (2) 250 x 4.6 mm, 5 μ column using mobile phase composition of methanol-0.02 M phosphate buffer, pH 3.5, 50:50 (v/v). Flow rate was maintained at 1 ml/min at an ambient temperature. Quantification was achieved with ultraviolet detection at 230 nm. The retention time obtained for zanamivir was at 3.6 min. The method employed thin layer chromatography aluminum plates precoated with silica gel 60F-254 as the stationary phase. The solvent system consisted of chloroform: methanol: acetic acid (4.5:0.5:0.3v/v) and then scanned. The system was found to give a compact spot for zanamivir (Rf value of 0.29±0.02).Results: In HPLC,the result obtained with the detector response was found to be linear in the concentration range of 2-12 μg/ml. In HPTLC, the linear regression analysis data for the calibration plots showed a good relationship with r2=0.9999±0.0001 in the concentration range 500-3000 ng/spot. The reliability and analytical performance of the proposed methods, including linearity, range, precision, accuracy, detection and quantitation limits, were statistically validated. When zanamivir was subjected to different stress conditions; the proposed methods could effectively separate the drug from its degradation products, and were thus considered as good stability-indicating procedures.Conclusion: It is concluded that this method can be applied for routine quality control of zanamivir in dosage forms as well as in bulk drug.Keywords: Zanamivir, Reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography, High-pressure thin layer chromatography, Virenza capsule, Method development and validation, Stability indicatin

“Erp and its Effective Application in Infrastructure Construction Industry”

Enterprise resource planning (ERP) was initiated in the manufacturing industry. It provides a general working environment for an enterprise to incorporate its major business management functions with one single common database so that information can be shared and efficient communications can be achieved between management functions. Based on the requirements of running a construction scenario, ERP shows its potential for the infrastructure construction industry. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is now being greeted as a base for the integration of organization-wide information systems. ERP systems link with entire organization’s procedure such as accounting, finance, human resources, store, quality control, manufacturing and distribution, etc. There are only some studies conducted about the effective implementation of ERP systems in the infrastructure construction industry, particularly for the construction contractors. The emphasis so far has been on client firms, engineering and design firms. Now the aim is to investigate the appropriateness and the effective application status of ERP systems in infrastructure contractor firms

Review Analysis on Causes and Effects of Change orders on Construction Projects

In the last ten years there has been huge volume of work in construction industry. This is because of wealth created by the overall development of the country. In construction industry projects facing a problem due to variation or changes of order. The changes issued by owner, consultant’s, site engineers,contractors.This changes lead do arises disputes among them which results in affecting construction projects. The changes always related to modification of work, design changes, material changes, and schedule change by owners. There for it is required to analysis of reasons and impact of change order to manage difficulty faced by issued change orders. Past research in this area provide lack of quantitative data Therefore, the objective of this Paper is to identify and analyze the causes and effects of change orders on construction projects. A questionnaire surveys was prepared and circulated to various respondents to obtain the information regarding with various causes and effects of change orders and the collected information is analyzed by using Relative Importance Index Method. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.160410

Problems Facing by Construction Orgainsation and Construction Labour

Construction industry in INDIA is main component of GDP and covers huge amount of investment every year. On the other hand international labour organisations, NGO?s and socially working groups are continuously raising the question of human rights, labour safety, health cares and so many. In the similar way construction management facing the problems, as labour is the main force which execute the construction project on actual front line. But labour force is also responsible for project delay and cost over running in direct and indirect way as strikes of labours, not available at time, accidents at construction site and so may other reason

Ferrocrete Technology Best for Conventional Technology

In this present developing country fast life, is experiencing huge population growth in cities due to rapid modernization, urbanization in metropolitan crowded cities. People are in need of peace of mind that creates the need houses and bungalows admeasuring the plot /land of area about 1000 to 5000 sqm. According to their needs and utilities houses and bungalows can be constructed and the customary building construction trend of usually focuses use of brunt clay bricks and reinforced cement concrete which is large extent proves they uneconomic. Provided using ferrocrete as best suited building technology as compare to the conventional technology. Ferrocement, which is versatile, light weight thin material and involves easy labour emerging as an effective building material in construction industry. This paper illustrates the diversified use of ferrocrete technology and eliminates the conventional technology. Several project demonstrated here with prominence to diverse ferrocement element serving both structural-non structural components of building and serves esthetic purpose as well. Aim of the study to explore the versatility using ferrocrete technology in construction replaces conventional technology

Evaluation of Financial Ratio Analysis Performance between Selective Construction Companies

This paper is about financial management of construction companies by using financial ratios. Financial statements are the effective tool for comparative study between construction companies, from this analysis we can decide the financial position of the company. Financial management is the vital factor in the development of any construction company in any sector. The companies related to construction sector have many factors both external and internal that influence the growth of the company. In order to have control on all the components of the company management needs a tool is ratio analysis. Ratio analysis involves analyzing various ratios like liquidity ratios, profitability ratios, leverage ratio, operating ratios, market based ratios, asset management ratios etc. by analyzing these ratios for the still present the management will get an exact scenario of the position of the company. The ratios may help to know whether company’s decision is going on the right way or not and the other hand it will help the management to study these ratios and then plan and decide a target for the feature growth of the company’s. If all the ratios are maintained at their particular standard level like liquidity, debt turnover ratios etc. the company can overcome any sort of situations that may arise in the feature. The annual reports of the company form of balance sheet, profit –loss account, cash flow statements etc. ratios reflect the health of the company. Thus, ratio analysis is a gadget that can boost the performance of a company if used in a smarter way

Use of Artificial Neural Network for pre Design Cost Estimation of Building Projects

The motive of this study is to apply Artificial neural network (ANN) for pre design cost estimation of building projects to investigate and overcome problems of cost estimation at initial stages of building construction. And develop & test a Graphical User Interface (GUI) model of cost estimating for reinforced concrete buildings in the early design phase. An ANN GUI model can help the designers in taking decisions about implementation of the project at the initial phases of the design process