Experimental and Theoretical Investigations in Solid Phase<br /> Reaction Kinetics and Noncovalent Interactions in Water

Factors affecting reaction rates in polystyrene beads used in solid phase organic synthesis have been studied. The role of diffusion and reagent partitioning has been examined theoretically and experimentally. Both of these factors have been found to influence the reaction kinetics of common solid phase organic synthesis reactions. A mathematical model to analyze a simple bimolecular reaction inside a bead has been developed and successfully applied to the experimental data to obtain quantitative information on the influence of diffusion and reagent partitioning on the reaction rates. The effects of diffusion generally increase with the size and decreased swelling of the beads. Under many common reaction conditions, however, these effects may not be very significant. General guidelines to identify these conditions have been developed. A water-soluble torsion balance to study noncovalent interactions in aqueous media has been synthesized. The folding energies of new balances were found to be higher in water than in organic solvents. This increase can be partially attributed to hydrophobic forces. Aggregation and micelle formation were found to increase folding in water, indicating differences between microscopic and mesoscopic hydrophobic effects. The experimental data have been analyzed in the context of the Lum, Chandler and Weeks theory of hydrophobicity and evidences in its favor have been found. The hydrophobic response of a fluoromethyl group was found to be similar to a methyl group in two complementary torsion balances.<br /

Correlation between Arm Sales and Migration in Central America’s Northern Triangle and the United States during the Obama and Trump Administrations

This presentation investigates the relationship between Central America’s Northern Triangle (Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras) and the United States in terms of both arms sales and migration during the Obama and Trump administrations. One of the primary reasons for migration is the high rate of gun violence, and as the U.S. is the biggest contributor of arms to the region it is natural to argue that there is a direct correlation between the U.S.’s sales of arms to the Northern Triangle and the migration from the region to the U.S. This presentation also analyzes, from a historical context, the United States’ responsibility to aid the Northern Triangle, through the implementation of legislation controlling gun sales to the area. Utilizing U.S. legislation, news articles, UN resolutions, and scholarly articles, this paper explains the importance of the correlation between arms sales and migration to the United States. The sources would also be used to establish precedence as to how a form of legislative intervention would affect the migration to the United States. The Obama and Trump administrations employed different strategies to mitigate the “migrant crisis”, but neither administration made efforts to mitigate the violence in the region. By contrasting the legislative action during the administrations, this presentation helps distinguish the actions that were beneficial and harmful to decreasing migration from the Northern Triangle to the U.S. Migration from the Northern Triangle has caused controversial conversations to arise throughout the United States. This presentation aims to determine the potential consequences of legislative actions from the United States and the impact it would have on both parties. The paper develops a course of action that would best help the Biden Administration decrease the violence in the Northern Triangle and, thus, the migration to the U.S.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2021/1022/thumbnail.jp

An analysis of current managerial problems in the Indian textile industry

Thesis (M.B.A.)--Boston Universit

Diagnostic predicament of bilateral ovarian masses with rare and distinct histopathology

Xanthogranulomatous oophoritis is a rare, peculiar, non-neoplastic, chronic inflammatory pathology that can mimic ovarian mass. Affected organ shows replacement of normal tissue with foamy histiocytes, multinucleate giant cells, neutrophils, fibroblasts, plasma cells and areas of necrosis within. Its aetiology is still unknown, and the final diagnosis is usually made through histopathological examination. The present case report describes an unusual presentation of simultaneous occurrence of Xanthogranulomatous oophoritis and fibrothecoma masquerading as bilateral tubo-ovarian masses in a post-menopausal female. Despite initial assumptions and suspicions of tubo-ovarian abscesses, surgical exploration revealed an unexpected pathology. Histopathological evaluation confirmed the diagnosis, emphasising the importance of vigilant and comprehensive assessment in atypical presentations

Multisegment Ultra Wide Band Antenna for 5G Applications

This paper presents a novel step-structured Multisegment Dielectric Resonator Antenna (MSDRA). Proposed structure is a combination of two segments with varying dielectric constants.&nbsp; Microstrip feed line in combination of PEC wall is used to couple electro- magnetic energy to the radiator. Application of Perfect electric conductor excites higher order modes to the structure. Size of ground plane is reduced to create multi-mode resonance to create Ultra Wide Band antenna. Amalgamation of modes created by partial ground structure with conducting walls yields a high impedance bandwidth of 87%.&nbsp; Partial ground structure along with entire ensemble provides multimode resonance which generates peak radiation efficiency of 90% throughout the operating frequency range of 3.2 GHz -8.2 GHz. Constant gain, High bandwidth and low delay makes this design extremely suitable for 5G and sub 6G frequency band. Proposed antenna is simulated on HFSS 3D simulators based on Finite Element method

Scimitar syndrome - A rare cause of recurrent pneumonia

Scimitar syndrome is a congenital anomaly characterized by anomalous drainage of the right lung into inferior vena cava. This may be associated with other anomalies in the form of pulmonary hypoplasia, systemic arterial supply of right lung, and congenital heart diseases. We report an infant with recurrent pneumonia who turned out to be a case of scimitar syndrome on further workup. The patient was managed surgically by selective embolization of the artery from celiac trunk to sequestered lung. This case report highlights the fact that scimitar syndrome should be suspected in a patient with recurrent pneumonia with typical chest X-ray findings

Waardenburg syndrome-associated focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: A rare presentation

Waardenburg syndrome (WS) is characterized by auditory and pigmentary disorders with an incidence of 1:40,000. Renal involvement is rare in WS. A 10-year-old male, diagnosed as nephrotic syndrome at 4 years, was presented in relapse. A renal biopsy performed at 6 years revealed evidence of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. The child had morphological findings which were suggestive of WS. Hence, a diagnosis of WS type 1, with frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome, was made. The possible genetic basis of renal involvement in WS needs to be evaluated

Cardiac troponin I but not cardiac troponin T adheres to polysulfone dialyser membranes in an in vitro haemodialysis model: explanation for lower serum cTnI concentrations following dialysis.

BACKGROUND: Elevated serum cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and I (cTnI) can occur in patients with chronic kidney disease. Differences in cTn concentrations between cTnT and cTnI have been reported but the mechanism of such discrepancy has not been investigated. This study investigates the clearance of cTn with the aid of an in vitro model of haemodialysis (HD). METHODS: Serum was obtained before and after a single session of dialysis from 53 patients receiving HD and assayed for cTnT and cTnI. An in vitro model of the dialysis process was used to investigate the mechanism of clearance of cTn during HD. RESULTS: Serum cTnI was significantly lower (p=0.043) following a session of HD whereas cTnT concentrations were similar to those obtained before HD. Using an in vitro model of dialysis, it was demonstrated that cTnI is not dialysed from the vascular compartment but adheres to the dialyser membrane. CONCLUSIONS: The adherence of cTnI to the dialyser membrane is responsible for the observed decrease in serum cTnI following a session of dialysis. The adherence of cTnT or T-I-C complex to the dialyser membrane could not be demonstrated and supports the observation that pre-HD and post-HD serum concentrations of cTnT are similar

Does the Urinary Calcium/Citrate Ratio Add to the Diagnostic Workup of Children at Risk of Kidney Stones? A Cross-Sectional Study

The purpose of the study was to evaluate urinary citrate/creatinine (U Ci /U Cr ) and urinary calcium/citrate (U Ca /U Ci ) ratios for distinguishing stone formers (SF) from non-stone formers (NSF) in an at-risk population. This was a retrospective study that included all pediatric patients who underwent urinary citrate testing from April 2017 to March 2018. The urinary levels of citrate, calcium, sodium, potassium, creatinine, oxalate, urate, pH, and specific gravity (SG) were measured in our clinical laboratory. Diagnosis of kidney stones was obtained through chart review. A total of 97 patients were included (46 NSF and 51 SF). The U Ci /U Cr ratio was not significantly different between NSF and SF. Median U Ca /U Cr ratio was higher in SF (0.67) compared with NSF (0.21, p \u3c 0.0001). The median ratio of U Ca /U Ci was also higher in SF (1.30) than in NSF (0.65, p = 0.001). Oxalate, urate, pH, SG, and urinary sodium/potassium ratio did not differentiate between the SF and NSF. Positive correlation was seen between U Ca /U Cr and urinary sodium/creatinine U Na /U Cr (p \u3c 0.0001), as well as between U Ca /U Cr and U Ci /U Cr (p \u3c 0.0001). The study has demonstrated significantly higher U Ca /U Ci and U Ca /U Cr in SF compared with NSF, while the use of urinary oxalate, urate, pH, and SG did not differentiate between SF from NSF. We also confirmed a positive correlation between U Na /U Cr and U Ca /U Cr . While the utility of U Ca /U Cr is well established, our data suggest that U Ca /U Ci rather than U Ci /U Cr may be more predictive in the clinical setting when evaluating for nephrolithiasis