Equation for Aeroacoustics in a Quiescent Environment

The perturbation equation for aeroacoustics has been derived in a dissipative medium from the linearized compressible Navier-Stokes equation without any assumption, by expressing the same in spectral plane as in Continuum perturbation field in quiescent ambience: Common foundation of flows and acoustics Sengupta et al., Phys. Fluids,35, 056111 (2023). The governing partial differential equation (PDE) for the free-field propagation of the disturbances in the spectral plane provides the dispersion relation between wavenumber and circular frequency in the dissipative medium, as characterized by a nondimensional diffusion number. Here, the implications of the dispersion relation of the perturbation field in the quiescent medium are probed for different orders of magnitude of the generalized kinematic viscosity, across large ranges of the wavenumber and the circular frequency. The adopted global spectral analysis helps not only classify the PDE into parabolic and hyperbolic types, but also explain the existence of a critical wavenumber depending on space-time scales.Comment: 19 pages, 10 figure

Perturbation Field in The Presence of Uniform Mean Flow: Doppler Effect for Flows and Acoustics

Having developed the perturbation equation for a dissipative quiescent medium for planar propagation using the linearized compressible Navier-Stokes equation without the Stokes' hypothesis \cite{arxiv2023}, here the same is extended where a uniform mean flow is present in the ambiance to explore the propagation properties for the Doppler effect.Comment: 15 pages, 6 figure

Evolution of Perturbation in Quiescent Medium

Here, the perturbation equation for a dissipative medium is derived from the first principle from the linearized compressible Navier-Stokes equation without Stokes's hypothesis. The dispersion relations of this generic governing equation are obtained for one and three-dimensional perturbations, which exhibit both the dispersive and dissipative nature of the perturbations traveling in a dissipative medium, depending upon the length scale. We specifically provide a theoretical cut-off wave number above which the perturbation equation represents diffusive and dissipative nature. Such behavior has not been reported before, as per the knowledge of the authors.Comment: 12 page 1 figure. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2212.1379

Non-farm diversification, inequality and mobility in Palanpur

Data from seven decades of survey in Palanpur provide insights into the changing nature of the village economy. Starting as a predominantly agrarian economy, Palanpur has seen non-farm employment emerge as a major driver of growth and distribution of income in the village economy, but accompanied by increasing inequality. There is evidence of greater mobility among the disadvantaged in Palanpur alongside falling inter-generational mobility. Preliminary analysis suggests that the nature of non-farm activities has become increasingly casual and informal, thereby more accessible to households at the bottom of the distribution, but still significantly influenced by access to networks and family ties, particularly for the more remunerative and stable non-farm jobs

Non-farm diversification, inequality and mobility in Palanpur

Data from seven decades of survey in Palanpur provide insights into the changing nature of the village economy. Starting as a predominantly agrarian economy, Palanpur has seen non-farm employment emerge as a major driver of growth and distribution of income in the village economy, but accompanied by increasing inequality. There is evidence of greater mobility among the disadvantaged in Palanpur alongside falling inter-generational mobility. Preliminary analysis suggests that the nature of non-farm activities has become increasingly casual and informal, thereby more accessible to households at the bottom of the distribution, but still significantly influenced by access to networks and family ties, particularly for the more remunerative and stable non-farm jobs

Management of Ectodermal Dysplasia in A 7 Year Old Child

Background: Ectodermal dysplasia is a hereditary group of disorders which are manifested as X-linked recessive trait and has a full expression in males, whereas females show little or no signs of the disorder. This disorder leads to disturbances in the ectoderm of the developing embryo. It has many evident general and oral features which makes its rehabilitation of utmost importance. Correction of the presenting clinical oral disorders may help improve the quality of life for the patient. A multidisciplinary approach has to be adopted for such cases and it becomes a challenge in pediatric patients. In this report, etiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment plan of a 7-year-old male patient suffering from ectodermal dysplasia has been discussed

Physical activity and its correlation with various measures of obesity among medical students and young faculty

Background: Physical inactivity is important modifiable risk factor for major NCDs. Medical students and faculty who are physically active are more probable to prescribe physical activity to their patients, drastically improving clinical outcomes. Objectives: 1) To describe physical activity of participants in terms of pattern, type & levels. 2) To correlate physical activity with various measures of obesity. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 350 medical students and young faculty aged 18–35 years. Physical activity was assessed using WHO GPAQ. Physical activity pattern was described in work, travel and leisure domains. It was classified into vigorous and moderate intensity activity types. Levels were defined as insufficiently, moderately and highly active. Measurement of various obesity parameters was done. Data was analyzed using SPSS v25.0. Results: Of all respondents, 193 (55.14%) were males and 157 (44.86%) were females. The prevalence of insufficient physical activity was 20.57%. Respondents reported highest physical activity in leisure domain (1222.45 ± 1590.8 mean METM/W). BMI was significantly correlated with physical activity in transport (p = 0.018) and leisure (p 6 h/day. Conclusion: This population needs to adopt changes in their lifestyle to increase physical activity especially in travel domain with reduction in sedentary time

Bibliometric Analysis on Artificial Compressibility Method based CFD Simulations

This bibliometric analysis in this paper aims to study the quantitative progress done in the artificial compressibility (AC) method-based CFD simulation and analyze its potential in solving incompressible flow simulations in computational fluid dynamics smoothly. The sector of CFD is enhancing more and more maturely due to advancements in computing architecture, numerical methods, and simulation tools. There have been various attempts to solve the pressure-velocity coupling issue in the Navier-Stokes equation. The artificial compressibility method (ACM), as opposed to pressure-correction methods, solves the incompressible equation in a non-segregated manner. With the introduction of the ACM, the system of the equation becomes hyperbolic in pseudo-time and consequently, numerical techniques used for hyperbolic solvers can be used. This paper focuses on the development done in this ACM formulation-based CFD research since 2000 and the following years. The bibliometric analysis and research are performed based on 139 published papers collected from Scopus. The main purpose of this analysis is to systematically and statistically study the data based on various parameters which will help in searching the gap. This survey can be beneficial while analyzing and studying the type and the measure of work done in this area and the future scope of the research