Effect of curved surface of a shoulder fillet round bar on stress concentration factor for axial tension loading

In industries, the shoulder fillet round bar (step shaft) is used to transmit the power and motion to fulfil the requirements of a specific application. A step is provided on the shaft for mounting bearings, sprockets, flywheels, pulleys etc. A step on the round bar behaves as discontinuity. The local stresses developed in the vicinity of the discontinuity, known as stress concentration (SC). The SC is one of the major factors responsible for failure of the mechanical component having discontinuity like step shaft. The shoulder fillet is provided in a step to reduce stress concentration on the shaft. The stress concentration can be measured using the stress concentration factor (SCF). The SCF can be calculated with the help of a fringe pattern. In the present research, experimentally, the fringe pattern was not obtained on the shoulder fillet round bar due to the curved surface of the bar. To overcome this problem, a partial slicing model approach was used. Even though, the obtained fringe patterns were not clear due to the sharp corners present in the partial slicing models. The SCF can be calculated with the help of a fringe pattern. These limitations can be overcome using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and full slicing approaches. In the present research, the FEA was performed on the flat and curved plate (slice). The Rapport factor (RF) was derived for all possible D/d ratios and determined the effect of a curved surface by finding the equivalent SCF of the shoulder fillet round bar. The FEA results of SCF were validated using the Peterson graph and considered acceptable as per the prevalent industry practices. The present study may help the design engineer to find the minimum SCF for the design of the shoulder fillet round bar for the concerned application. It will reduce the design iterations and chances of failure of the shoulder fillet round bar during its operation

Topoisomerase Inhibitors Addressing Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Gram-Negative Bacteria.

Since their discovery over 5 decades ago, quinolone antibiotics have found enormous success as broad spectrum agents that exert their activity through dual inhibition of bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. Increasing rates of resistance, driven largely by target-based mutations in the GyrA/ParC quinolone resistance determining region, have eroded the utility and threaten the future use of this vital class of antibiotics. Herein we describe the discovery and optimization of a series of 4-(aminomethyl)quinolin-2(1H)-ones, exemplified by 34, that inhibit bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV and display potent activity against ciprofloxacin-resistant Gram-negative pathogens. X-ray crystallography reveals that 34 occupies the classical quinolone binding site in the topoisomerase IV-DNA cleavage complex but does not form significant contacts with residues in the quinolone resistance determining region

A community based cross sectional study of prevalence and risk factors of low birth weight

Introduction: Birth weight is an independent and an important factor that affects mortality, morbidity and growth and development during infancy and later life. India is accounting for 40% of the global Burdon of low birth weight babies. Multiple causative factors identified to be responsible for low birth weight. Aims & objectives: 1. To estimate the prevalence of low birth weight babies. 2. To study the association of maternal factors with birth weight. Method:The present community based cross sectional study conducted to among the urban population of Rajkot city and identify the determinants of low birth weight. Sampling population was selected by multistage sampling method. Investigator collected history of low birth weight and other determinants by verification of records and examination by house to house visit. Result:The prevalence of low birth was found 19.6. The factors like sex of the baby, birth order, birth spacing, maternal age, maternal education, regular antenatal check-up and mother’s weight gain during pregnancy were found significant determinants of LBW. Conclusion:The prevalence of low birth was high in urban area require multipronged strategy. The primary health care can diminish the determinant of the low birth weight by adequate birth interval, two-child norms, regular antenatal check-up, supplementary nutrition to mother, female literacy etc

A Study on Awareness and Use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Among Factory Workers Of GIDC Dared, Jamnagar city, Gujarat

Background: The proper use of safety measures by workers is an important way of preventing and/or reducing a variety of health hazards that they are exposed to during work. There is a lack of knowledge about hazards and personal protective equipment (PPE) and the use of PPE among the workers in industries of Dared GIDC is limited. Objectives: We designed a study to assess workers' awareness of hazards and PPE, and the use of PPE among the workers of industries of Dared GIDC and to find a possible correlation between awareness and use of PPE among them.Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2018 to November 2018.Total 640 subjects were selected by simple random sampling after conducting a pilot study, who provided data via the completion of a structured questionnaire. Results: As there are more chances of accidents in industrial set up, injuries due to accidents can be prevented by proper use of PPE during work. But the results indicate that only 45.16% workers knew about health hazards related to their occupation. Only 43.75% workers knew that these hazards could be prevented by use of PPE. Out of all only 38.6% workers were actually using PPE. Conclusion: The workers using PPE were those who were aware of hazards and PPE. There is a gap between being aware of hazards and use of PPE at work

A comparative study of intravenous patient-controlled analgesia with tramadol alone and tramadol plus dexmedetomidine for major lower abdominal surgery

Background: Different techniques are used to provide postoperative pain relief to the patients. The patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) has come out as promising option. The main advantage of it is a stable plasma concentration of analgesic drug and the control of medication in patients' hand. Morphine has been used extensively for postoperative analgesia, but almost no respiratory depression makes tramadol equally popular for postoperative analgesia. Alpha-2 agonist-like dexmedetomidine can have additive analgesic effect. The above background was the base of planning this study to evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine added to tramadol for postoperative analgesia. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted in sixty female patients undergoing lower abdominal surgery. All patients were given spinal anesthesia for surgery. When effect of spinal anesthesia wear off and the patient had verbal rating score (VRS) more than three PCA was started. In Group T, all patients received tramadol 1 mg/kg followed by PCA tramadol. In Group D, all patients received tramadol 1 mg/kg and dexmedetomidine 0.5 mcg/kg followed by PCA having combination of tramadol and dexmedetomidine. VRS for pain, total consumption of tramadol, and side effects were recorded for 24 h postoperatively. Results: VRS for pain was comparable in both the groups. PCA demand and total dose of tramadol were less in group who received tramadol with dexmedetomidine. There was no significant difference in occurrence of side effects. Conclusions: The combination of dexmedetomidine with tramadol reduces the tramadol requirement for postoperative analgesia

Quantum cryptography and the future of cyber security Advances in information security, privacy, and ethics (AISPE) book series./ [edited by] Nirbhay Kumar Chaubey, Bhavesh B. Prajapati.

"Premier Reference Source" -- Cover.Includes bibliographical references."This book explores the latest applications and advancements of quantum cryptography and cyber security"--Section 1. Quantum cryptography. Chapter 1. Post-quantum cryptography and quantum cloning ; Chapter 2. Quantum key distribution: the evolution ; Chapter 3. Optimal parameter prediction for secure quantum key distribution using quantum machine learning models ; Chapter 4. LFSR-keyed MUX for random number generation in nano communication using QCA ; Chapter 5. Quantum cryptography key distribution: quantum computing ; Chapter 6. Quantum Internet and e-governance: a futuristic perspective -- Section 2. Cyber security. Chapter 7. Critical infrastructure security: cyber-physical attack prevention, detection, and countermeasures ; Chapter 8. Cryptography in the healthcare sector with modernized cyber security ; Chapter 9. Improved methodology to detect advanced persistent threat attacks ; Chapter 10. IoT and cyber security: introduction, attacks, and preventive steps ; Chapter 11. Security and privacy in big data computing: concepts, techniques, and research challenges ; Chapter 12. Cyber security techniques for internet of things (IoT) ; Chapter 13. Cyber security aspects of virtualization in cloud computing environments: analyzing virtualization-specific cyber security risks.1 online resource (xxix, 343 pages)

Use of Internet by Faculty Members of various Colleges of Mehsana City, Gujarat: A Study

Abstract Technological advancement has its impact on education as well. This study attempts to focus on the impact of internet on Introduction The use of the internet is now an essential for all academicians. Generally in university or College level, where research work is done there should be must aware of recent or current research about their subject in the world. So it was great responsibility of faculties of universities post graduate department to aware with current trends, and it is only possible with the use of internet otherwise nothing to do them. They are the guided to student for research and what is requirement in current in world only known from internet. The Internet provides vast amounts of information on every field and subject. There are hundreds of millions Web pages, bibliographical databases, and full-text databases available on the Internet

Perventricular device closure of isolated muscular ventricular septal defect in infants: A single centre experience

Objectives: To evaluate prospective single centre experience of mid-term safety and efficacy of perventricular device closure of isolated large muscular ventricular septal defect (mVSD) in high-risk infants. Background: Surgical closures of large mVSD in infants represent a challenge with significant morbidity. Methods: Between August 2008–2010, perventricular closure was attempted in 24 infants of 6.01 ± 2.37 months age and 4.27 ± 0.56 kg weight under TEE guidance. Results: The device was successfully deployed in 21/24 infants. Size of mVSD was 8.42 ± 1.46 mm (6.1–12 mm). Mean procedure time was 28.8 ± 11.7 min. The closure rate was 84% immediately and 100% at 6 months. Four patients suffered major complications: 2-died, 1-esophageal perforation, 1-persistent CHB. At 26.23 ± 6.63 months follow-up two patients were symptomatic: 1-required device retrieval, 1-died of severe gastroenteritis. Conclusion: Perventricular device closure of isolated mVSD appears feasible option at mid-term follow-up and may either substitute or complement the conventional surgical technique in selected cases depending on institutional paediatric cardiac surgery performance