Evaluation of Hypolipidemic Activity of Flower of Lantana Camara used against Triton Induced Hyperlipidemic Rats

Hyperlipidemia is a disorder of lipid metabolism manifested by increase of plasma concentrations of the various lipid and lipoprotein fractions such as increase of serum total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride (TG) concentrations, and a decrease in the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentration. Hyperlipidemia is the key risk factor for cardiovascular disorders and has been reported as the most common cause of death in developed as well as developing nations. Hyperlipidemia may be caused by specific genetic abnormalities called primary hyperlipidemia or may be idiopathic caused by lifestyle habits or medical diseases such as diabetes, kidney disease, pregnancy, hypothyroidism and heart disease. Hyperlipidemia prevalence continued to increase annually, requiring the development of drugs capable of lowering blood lipids to reduce mortality and morbidity due to cardiovascular complications. Although synthetic lipid-lowering drugs are useful in treating hyperlipidemia, there are number of adverse effects. So, the current interest has stimulated the search for new lipid-lowering agents with minimal side effects from natural sources. Herbal medicines are the oldest remedies known to mankind. Herbs had been used by all cultures throughout history. In the last few years, there has been an exponential growth in the field of herbal medicine and these drugs are gaining popularity both in developing and developed countries because of their natural origin and less side effects when comparing other styleaf medicine. India being the botanical garden of the world with more than 2400 medicinal plants out of 21000 species being listed by WHO, is the largest producer of medicinal plants around the globe. Lantana camara is a large, evergreen tree, 10-15m in height, indigenous to the evergreen forests at altitude of 450-1, 200m and cultivated throughout the hotter parts of India. Leaf of this plant is straight rough whereas bark is green or black, 1.25cm thick, exuding milky latex, leaves broad obovate, elliptic, decurrent, glabrous, entire inflorescence solitary axillaries, cauliforous and ramflours on short leafy shoots. Male head is sessile or on short peduncles receptacles, sometimes born on the ultimate twing, Female head are oblong ovoid receptacle, syncarpus, cylindrics. Seeds are separated horny endocarpus enclosed by sub-gelatinous exocarpus (1mm thick) oblong ellipsoid in nature. The sweet yellow sheaths around the seeds are about 3-5 mm thick and have a taste similar to that of pineapple, but milder and less juicy. Even though it is well known for its antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties there are no evidences regarding the anti-hyperlipidaemic effect of the leaf hence our study has its relevance. The biggest organ in the body is the "LIVER" and it is likewise fills in as the essential metabolic organ of the body. In spite of the fact that the liver is comprised of various cells like hepatocytes, endothelial, kupffer and stellate cells are the most dominating with critical capacities. Another most essential one of a kind component of the liver is its capacity to recover. Well grown-up liver (i.e. Grown-up) is the standard organ accountable for detoxifying and metabolizing, exogeneous/endogenous mixes, rendering them more hydrophilic, which as often as possible impact their force and action. Liver infections are the genuine restorative issues went up against by the people wherever all through the world. The epidemiological review demonstrates that around 20,000 passings happen reliably in light of liver issue. In Africa and Asia, the major driver of liver maladies are contaminations by infection and parasite, while in Europe and in North America, a vital reason is liquor manhandle. Liver ailments are primarily realized by deadly chemicals, over the top affirmation of ceaseless liquor, diseases and immune syleafissue. Hepatic harm by over measurements of drug appears, from every angle, to be a run of the mill contributing component. Liver is required to do physiological limits and additionally to guarantee against the perilous of dangerous drugs and chemicals. Prescription impelled substance damage is accountable for 5% of each mending focus attestation and half of all serious liver disappointment. Over 75% of episodes of specific prescription reactions achieve liver transplantation or death

Opinion Mining Embedding with Applications to Opinions

The main objective of this project, we portray strategies to consequently create and score another estimation vocabulary, called sentimental analysis. Sentimental analysis is the one of the real errands of machine learning processing. Individuals post their own emotions and contemplating any items for an internet business website, (for example, Amazon, Flip card etc).sometime individuals needs to know whether these posts are positive, negative or unbiased. Existing word inserting learning calculations regularly just utilize the settings of words yet disregard the assumption of writings. Now we are applying enclose to word level assumption and stepwise level supposition arrangement, and estimation vocabularies. Information utilized as a part of this study are online item data sets are gathered from amazon.com. Experiments for both sentence-level and word-level are performed.  </jats:p

Detection of VBNC State Strains within the Biofilm Matrix of SS-304 Coupon Immersed in Meat Waste by PMA-PCR Assay: Chapter 16

Foodborne pathogens, when present in food products, can lead to various diseases and pose significant food safety risks. The&nbsp;Salmonella Sp.&nbsp;is a common foodborne pathogen known for its various harmful effects, such as production of endotoxins, enterotoxins and invasiveness. The Viable but Non-Culturable (VBNC) state is a bacterial survival mechanism that occurs under adverse conditions. It poses a considerable challenge to both public health and food safety. The aim of this research is to establish a Propidium Monoazide- Polymerase Chain Reaction (PMA-PCR) technique capable of swiftly and sensitively detecting inducted&nbsp;Salmonella Sp., including its Viable but Non-Culturable (VBNC) pathogens in food samples. However, the efficacy of PMA in food waste sample has not been explored previously. In this study, SS-304 coupons were submerged in meat waste for 7 days and amount of biofilm formation were assessed at 3 and 7days interval and a total of 25 biofilm-forming bacterial strains were isolated and partially identified and the EPS production was also determined for further studies. The results showed that the addition of 1% acetic acid could directly kill&nbsp;Salmonella sp.&nbsp;cells and inhibit the formation of the VBNC state with a nutrition concentration of 25, 50, and 100%. By PMA-PCR method, the number change of cells during VBNC induction was monitored successfully. We assessed the capacity of PMA dye in food waste to identify DNA originating from viable bacteria

Comparative analysis of LAB and non‐LAB fermented millet drinks fortified with Chlorella sp.

Abstract This study investigates the expanding domain of functional beverages crafted from plant‐based milk alternatives. In this study, a total of eight different fermented drinks fortified with beneficial Chlorella sp. and probiotics including Lactobacillus rhamnosus (NCIM 5775) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) drinks were developed using barnyard millet as the base ingredient due to its rich protein and high‐fibre content in comparison with the other millets in the market. Results revealed that the protein content increases by 2% upon the addition of Chlorella sp., among bacterial samples, with Lactobacillus rhamnosus fermented Unflavoured drink (LRFFD) > Lactobacillus rhamnosus fermented flavoured drink > Lactobacillus rhamnosus fermented with Chlorella sp. > LRFM, and among yeast samples, with Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermented Unflavoured drink (SCFUFD) > Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermented with Chlorella sp. > Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermented flavoured drink (SCFFD) > SCFRM, indicating higher protein content than in typical fermented drink. Fat content was notably low across all samples. Ash and fibre content ranged from 0.23 to 0.27 g and 0.22 to 0.35 g, respectively, for both bacterial and yeast fermented drink. Millet is generally considered a carbohydrate‐rich grain. When fermented, some of the carbohydrates may be broken down by the fermentation process. So, the carbohydrate content was low in fermented millet drink when compared to the nonfermented drink. Energy values varied, with LRFFD and SCFFD containing the highest energy due to incorporation of Chlorella sp. and chocolate flavour. Both LAB and yeast‐fermented drinks demonstrated effective antioxidant activity, with higher total phenolic content, except for non‐Chlorella sp. beverages. GC‐MS analysis identified constituents like hexadecenoic acid and hydroxy methyl furfural (HMF) with anticarcinogenic and anti‐inflammatory properties. Additionally, these samples exhibited elevated antimicrobial activity against test strains. Sensory analysis indicated a preference of SCFFD and LRFFD sample for its good taste as it contains chocolate flavour and the overall acceptability of bacterial fermented beverage was higher compared to the yeast fermented drinks. Therefore, a fermented millet beverage was successfully obtained by the coculture of LAB and Saccharomyces cerevisiae incorporated with Chlorella sp. could increase the product's functional properties

Synbiotic fermented barnyard millet drink: Exploring its nutritional profile, sensory attributes, and bioactive health potentials

The global market for functional beverages made from plant-based or non-dairy milk is rapidly growing. In developing tropical countries, plant-based food resources are insufficient to meet the protein needs of humans and animals. Millets, particularly barnyard millet, offer significant nutritional benefits due to their drought and pest resistance, high energy yield, and rich content of fiber, protein, iron, and zinc. This study developed eight health drink samples using barnyard millet and Spirulina sp., fermented with Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The protein content of bacterial fermented samples ranged from 1.39 % to 4.61 %, and yeast fermented samples from 2.52 % to 4.09 %. Carbohydrate content ranged from 5 % to 14.8 %, suitable for diabetics. The energy value ranked as LRFFD > LRFUFD > SCFFD > SCFUFD > SCFSP > LRFSP > LRFM > SCFM. Bacterial fermented samples had viscosities from 37.55 to 49.49 Pa.s., and fungal fermented samples from 37.55 to 49.59 Pa.s. GC–MS analysis identified oleic acid, which lowers cholesterol and reduces inflammation, and hexadecenoic acid, beneficial in managing Alzheimer's disease. Probiotics in the drinks support gastrointestinal health. Sensory evaluation showed that the LRFFD and SCFFD drinks had a good taste due to the incorporation of flavour

Poultry Waste Valorization and its Applications in Various Fields: Chapter 7

Poultry farming has witnessed substantial growth in recent decades due to the global demand for poultry products. This growth, however, has led to a pressing concern – the management of poultry waste. The intensive nature of modern poultry production systems has resulted in the generation of significant amounts of waste, posing environmental and public health challenges. Poultry waste consists of a diverse range of materials, including manure, feathers, bedding materials, and mortalities. Understanding its complex composition is crucial for effective waste management strategies. One promising avenue for valorising poultry waste is through circular economy approaches. Chicken bones, for instance, can be processed to recover valuable nutrients like phosphorus and calcium. Hydrothermal treatment has been identified as an efficient process to extract valuable byproducts from chicken bones, such as hydro-char and process water, which can be utilized for various purposes. This review focuses on poultry waste valorisation and their applications in various fields including agriculture, textile industry, aquaculture, food processing