Investigations on a low-profile, filter backed, printed monopole antenna for UWB communication

106-112A compact, printed dual band-notched, filter backed antenna or filtenna, with suppressed radiation characteristics outside the ultra-wide frequency band (UWB) has been scripted in this manuscript. The filtenna has been designed to work in the UWB frequency domain (03.1 - 10.6 GHz), as prescribed by federal communications commission (FCC). Band-notching structures have been incorporated in the radiating element for realization of dual band- notches for WLAN and WiMAX. The novelty lies in the fact that, a microstrip band pass filter has been introduced in the antenna feeding section for improvement of the cut-off frequency and frequency selectivity. An impedance bandwidth (S11 ≤ -10.0 dB) of 03.1 - 10.6 GHz has been obtained excepting two frequency-notches having centre frequencies of 03.5 GHz and 05.5 GHz, respectively. Promise able simulation results followed by measurement, justify the applicability of the novel filtenna for UWB communications

Compact printed hexagonal ultra wideband monopole antenna with band-notch characteristics

This article presents a compact, printed hexagonal monopole, ultra wideband antenna along with band-notch characteristics. The proposed monopole antenna consists of a printed hexagonal radiating element and a defected ground structure. Printed round-slot geometry and defected ground structure play a vital role in achieving the ultra wide bandwidth. Band-notch characteristics for eliminating the interference arising from the existing WLAN (5.15 – 5.825 GHz) band has been incorporated in the antenna frequency response by the insertion of C-shaped stubs near the feeding segment. The antenna shows a decent gain of ≥ 3.0 dBi throughout the entire bandwidth except at the notched frequency band. Measured results agree well with the simulated values

Design and Analysis of a Low-profile Microstrip Antenna for 5G Applications using AI-based PSO Approach, Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology, 2023, nr 3

Microstrip antennas are high gain aerials for low-profile wireless applications working with frequencies over 100 MHz. This paper presents a study and design of a low cost slotted-type microstrip patch antenna that can be used in 5G millimeter wave applications. This research focuses on the effect of ground slots and patch slots which, in turn, affect different antenna parameters, such as return loss, VSWR, gain, radiation pattern, and axial ratio. The working frequency range varies from 24 to 28 GHz, thus falling within 5G specifications. A subset of artificial intelligence (AI) known as particle swarm optimization (PSO) is used to approximatively solve issues involving maximization and minimization of numerical values, being highly challenging or even impossible to solve in a precise manner. Here, we have designed and analyzed a low-profile printed microstrip antenna for 5G applications using the AI-based PSO approach. The novelty of the research is mainly in the design approach, compactness of size and antenna applicability. The antenna was simulated with the use of HFSS simulation software

Investigations on a low-profile, filter backed, printed monopole antenna for UWB communication

A compact, printed dual band-notched, filter backed antenna or filtenna, with suppressed radiation characteristics outside the ultra-wide frequency band (UWB) has been scripted in this manuscript. The filtenna has been designed to work in the UWB frequency domain (03.1 - 10.6 GHz), as prescribed by federal communications commission (FCC). Band-notching structures have been incorporated in the radiating element for realization of dual band- notches for WLAN and WiMAX. The novelty lies in the fact that, a microstrip band pass filter has been introduced in the antenna feeding section for improvement of the cut-off frequency and frequency selectivity. An impedance bandwidth (S11 ≤ -10.0 dB) of 03.1 - 10.6 GHz has been obtained excepting two frequency-notches having centre frequencies of 03.5 GHz and 05.5 GHz, respectively. Promise able simulation results followed by measurement, justify the applicability of the novel filtenna for UWB communications

Design and Analysis of a Low-profile Microstrip Antenna for 5G Applications using AI-based PSO Approach

Microstrip antennas are high gain aerials for low-profile wireless applications working with frequencies over 100 MHz. This paper presents a study and design of a low cost slotted-type microstrip patch antenna that can be used in 5G millimeter wave applications. This research focuses on the effect of ground slots and patch slots which, in turn, affect different antenna parameters, such as return loss, VSWR, gain, radiation pattern, and axial ratio. The working frequency range varies from 24 to 28 GHz, thus falling within 5G specifications. A subset of artificial intelligence (AI) known as particle swarm optimization (PSO) is used to approximatively solve issues involving maximization and minimization of numerical values, being highly challenging or even impossible to solve in a precise manner. Here, we have designed and analyzed a low-profile printed microstrip antenna for 5G applications using the AI-based PSO approach. The novelty of the research is mainly in the design approach, compactness of size and antenna applicability. The antenna was simulated with the use of HFSS simulation software

Compact printed hexagonal ultra wideband monopole antenna with band-notch characteristics

272-277This article presents a compact, printed hexagonal monopole, ultra wideband antenna along with band-notch characteristics. The proposed monopole antenna consists of a printed hexagonal radiating element and a defected ground structure. Printed round-slot geometry and defected ground structure play a vital role in achieving the ultra wide bandwidth. Band-notch characteristics for eliminating the interference arising from the existing WLAN (5.15 – 5.825 GHz) band has been incorporated in the antenna frequency response by the insertion of C-shaped stubs near the feeding segment. The antenna shows a decent gain of ≥ 3.0 dBi throughout the entire bandwidth except at the notched frequency band. Measured results agree well with the simulated values

Chapter 10 - Polymeric nanomaterials in neuroscience

The advent of neurological disorders has taken place at an alarming rate over the past few decades. The primary challenge for the treatment and diagnosis of these neuropathies is to cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Nanomaterials are preferred over conventional treatments because of their nanometer range, which can interact at the molecular level with lesser adverse effects. Hence, nanomaterials can be beneficial in neuroscience because of their ability to cross BBB and compatibility for the neuronal tissues. Here, we are focusing on the neurological applications of carbon nanotubes, magnetic nanoparticles (NPs), dendrimers, nanospheres, gold NPs, liposomes, and utmost quantum dots. We have also summarized the utility and mechanism of all these NPs in the field of neuroscience, along with their prospects and approaches to avoid their substantial toxicity

Migraine and Ischemic Stroke: Deciphering the Bidirectional Pathway

Migraine and stroke are common, disabling neurological conditions with several theories being proposed to explain this bidirectional relationship. Migraine is considered as a benign neurological disorder, but research has revealed a connection between migraine and stroke, predominantly those having migraine with aura (MA). Among migraineurs, females with MA are more susceptible to ischemic stroke and may have a migrainous infarction. Migrainous infarction mostly occurs in the posterior circulation of young women. Although there are several theories about the potential relationship between MA and stroke, the precise pathological process of migrainous infarction is not clear. It is assumed that cortical spreading depression (CSD) might be one of the essential factors for migrainous infarction. Other factors that may contribute to migrainous infarction may be genetic, hormonal fluctuation, hypercoagulation, and right to left cardiac shunts. Antimigraine drugs, such as ergot alkaloids and triptans, are widely used in migraine care. Still, they have been found to cause severe vasoconstriction, which may result in the development of ischemia. It is reported that patients with stroke develop migraines during the recovery phase. Both experimental and clinical data suggest that cerebral microembolism can act as a potential trigger for MA. Further studies are warranted for the treatment of migraine, which may lead to a decline in migraine-related stroke. In this present article, we have outlined various potential pathways that link migraine and stroke

The Role of Inflammasomes in Atherosclerosis and Stroke Pathogenesis

Inflammation is a devastating outcome of cerebrovascular diseases (CVD), namely stroke and atherosclerosis. Numerous studies over the decade have shown that inflammasomes play a role in mediating inflammatory reactions post cellular injury occurring after a stroke or a rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque. In view of this, targeting these inflammatory pathways using different pharmacological therapies may improve outcomes in patients with CVD. Here, we review the mechanisms by which inflammasomes drive the pathogenesis of stroke and atherosclerosis. Also, discussed here are the possible treatment strategies available for inhibiting inflammasomes or their up-stream/down-stream mediators