Paternal and Maternal Relationship and C-Reactive Protein and Glucose Levels: Effects and Moderating Factors

The biomarkers of C-reactive protein and glucose are indicative of chronic stress. Consistently high levels of these biomarkers can relate to adverse health outcomes, including increased risk for cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and other conditions. Environmental stressors and quality of interpersonal relationships can influence these biomarkers. Previous research has indicated a negative relationship between parental warmth and the presence of pro-inflammatory biomarkers. However, much of this research has focused on the maternal relationship. With shifts in childrearing responsibilities over recent decades, there is need for a closer examination of the importance of the paternal relationship for youth’s health outcomes, and how the effects of this relationship compare to those of the maternal relationship. This study compares the influence of paternal and maternal involvement and warmth as related to adolescent C-reactive protein and glucose levels. The study uses parental education as a proxy for socioeconomic status to determine how SES is linked to the relationship between parental care and C-reactive protein and glucose. The study also examines the roles of race/ethnicity, religious involvement, and community engagement as potential moderators between paternal/maternal warmth and adolescent CRP and glucose levels. Data from Wave I of The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) was used to determine relative socioeconomic status. Data from Wave IV of Add Health was used to determine the paternal and maternal overall relationship and biomarker data for C-reactive protein and glucose levels. Analyses showed parental relationships were not significant predictors for CRP/glucose levels for the full sample. However there were several significant moderators found. Higher level of contact with the opposite gender parent was associated with higher youth CRP levels, and lower levels of parental education related to higher youth glucose levels when there were high levels of maternal contact. Civic engagement was also found to moderate the relationship between paternal closeness and glucose levels. Future analyses should examine further moderators of the parent-youth relationship which may positively affect adolescent health.Human Development and Family SciencesPlan II Honors Progra

Incorporating a multiple discrete-continuous outcome in the generalized heterogeneous data model: Application to residential self-selection effects analysis in an activity time-use behavior model

This paper makes both a methodological contribution as well as an empirical contribution. From a methodological perspective, we propose a new econometric approach for the estimation of joint mixed models that include a multiple discrete choice outcome and a nominal discrete outcome, in addition to the count, binary/ordinal outcomes, and continuous outcomes considered in traditional structural equation models. These outcomes are modeled together by specifying latent underlying unobserved individual lifestyle, personality, and attitudinal factors that impact the many outcomes, and generate the jointness among the outcomes. From an empirical perspective, we analyze residential location choice, household vehicle ownership choice, as well as time-use choices, and investigate the extent of association versus causality in the effects of residential density on activity participation and mobility choices. The sample for the empirical application is drawn from a travel survey conducted in the Puget Sound Region in 2014. The results show that residential density effects on activity participation and motorized auto ownership are both associative as well as causal, emphasizing that accounting for residential self-selection effects are not simply esoteric econometric pursuits, but can have important implications for land-use policy measures that focus on neo-urbanist design

PANC Study (Pancreatitis: A National Cohort Study): national cohort study examining the first 30 days from presentation of acute pancreatitis in the UK

Abstract Background Acute pancreatitis is a common, yet complex, emergency surgical presentation. Multiple guidelines exist and management can vary significantly. The aim of this first UK, multicentre, prospective cohort study was to assess the variation in management of acute pancreatitis to guide resource planning and optimize treatment. Methods All patients aged greater than or equal to 18 years presenting with acute pancreatitis, as per the Atlanta criteria, from March to April 2021 were eligible for inclusion and followed up for 30 days. Anonymized data were uploaded to a secure electronic database in line with local governance approvals. Results A total of 113 hospitals contributed data on 2580 patients, with an equal sex distribution and a mean age of 57 years. The aetiology was gallstones in 50.6 per cent, with idiopathic the next most common (22.4 per cent). In addition to the 7.6 per cent with a diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis, 20.1 per cent of patients had a previous episode of acute pancreatitis. One in 20 patients were classed as having severe pancreatitis, as per the Atlanta criteria. The overall mortality rate was 2.3 per cent at 30 days, but rose to one in three in the severe group. Predictors of death included male sex, increased age, and frailty; previous acute pancreatitis and gallstones as aetiologies were protective. Smoking status and body mass index did not affect death. Conclusion Most patients presenting with acute pancreatitis have a mild, self-limiting disease. Rates of patients with idiopathic pancreatitis are high. Recurrent attacks of pancreatitis are common, but are likely to have reduced risk of death on subsequent admissions. </jats:sec

On Modeling Adults' Daily Time Use by Activity Purpose and Accompaniment Arrangement

At the time of publication A. Kapur was at Cambridge Systematics, Inc.; and C.R. Bhat was at the University of Texas at Austin.This paper examines the weekend time use patterns of individuals aged 15 years or older, with a specific emphasis on their maintenance and discretionary activities. The analysis also considers the social context of activity participation by considering the with whom dimension of the participations. The sample for analysis is drawn from the 2004 American Time Use Survey (ATUS). Bhat's multiple discrete continuous extreme value (MDCEV) model is used in the empirical analysis. The results underscore the importance of considering the social context of activity participation within the framework of activity based travel modeling.Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineerin

Metropolitan area transit accessibility analysis tool

71 p.This guide is designed for those interested in measuring the level of transit accessibility for a fixed route transit system. The purpose of this document is to provide users of the TransCAD-based Transit Accessibility Measure (TAM) software tool with instructions for installing and using the software. This comprehensive guide provides background information, pertinent literature, and describes the methodology used to formulate the transit accessibility index that forms the core of the software application

How Do People Feel While Walking? A Multivariate Analysis of Emotional Well-Being for Utilitarian and Recreational Walking Episodes

You are viewing a published piece that was mentioned in the Good Systems Network Digest in July 2020.Office of the VP for Researc