DESIGN OF COOLING SYSTEM FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC PANEL FOR INCREASING ITS ELECTRICAL EFFICIENCY

Photovoltaic solar cell generates electricity by receiving solar irradiance. The temperature of photovoltaic modules increases when it absorbs solar radiation, causing a decrease in efficiency. This undesirable effect can be partially avoided by applying a heat recovery unit with fluid circulation with the photovoltaic module. Such unit is called photovoltaic/thermal collector (PV/T) or hybrid (PV/T). The objective of the present work is to design a system for cooling the solar cell in order to increase its electrical efficiency and also to extract the heat energy. A hybrid solar system which generates both electricity and heat energy simultaneously is studied. This hybrid system consists of PV cells attached to an absorber plate with fins attached at the other side of the absorber surface. Simulation model for single pass, single duct solar collector with fins is prepared and performance curves are obtained. Performance with seven different gases analysed for maximum heat transfer, minimum mass flow rate & minimum number of fins. Hydrogen is found to be the most suitable option with the present. For hydrogen, the system requires a mass flow rate of 0.00275 kg/s, which is the least amongst all. Theoretical number of fins required in this case is found out to be 3.46

A Fuzzy-Based Method for Objects Selection in Blockchain-Enabled Edge-IoT Platforms Using a Hybrid Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Model

The broad availability of connected and intelligent devices has increased the demand for Internet of Things (IoT) applications that require more intense data storage and processing. However, cloud-based IoT systems are typically located far from end-users and face several issues, including high cloud server load, slow response times, and a lack of global mobility. Some of these flaws can be addressed with edge computing. In addition, node selection helps avoid common difficulties related to IoT, including network lifespan, allocation of resources, and trust in the acquired data by selecting the correct nodes at a suitable period. On the other hand, the IoT’s interconnection of edge and blockchain technologies gives a fresh perspective on access control framework design. This article provides a novel node selection approach for blockchain-enabled edge IoT that provides a quick and dependable node selection. Moreover, fuzzy logic to approximation logic was used to manage numerical and linguistic data simultaneously. In addition, the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), a powerful tool for examining Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) problems, is used. The suggested fuzzy-based technique employs three input criteria to select the correct IoT node for a given mission in IoT-edge situations. The outcomes of the experiments indicate that the proposed framework enhances the parameters under consideration

A hybrid decision support system for analyzing challenges of the agricultural supply chain

Agricultural supply chain management includes all the events involved in moving products of the agricultural sector from the field to the customer, and is a crucial aspect ensuring the rich contribution of the agricultural sector to the economic growth of the nation. The purpose of this paper is to add value to the present knowledge base by ascertaining the challenges of the agricultural supply chain in India on the basis of a thorough literature survey and the Delphi technique. Following this, the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory approach was used to model the identified challenges, explore the cause–effect interrelationship, and to develop the systematic hierarchical structures of challenges through an interpretive structural modeling methodology. The implementation of the approach in the Indian context led to the inference that two factors, namely limited integration among the national agricultural markets, and limited agricultural market infrastructure were the most important ones. The integrated model obtained as an output of this study intends to guide the agricultural policy- and decision-makers to improve the performance of the agricultural supply chain in India. Also, some essential recommendations have been given to improve the efficiency of the agricultural supply chain management