ANALYSIS OF QTC PROLONGATION DUE TO BEDAQUILINE IN TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS – A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY.

Introduction: Bedaquiline should is administered under direct observation along with standard MDR-TB regimen. Recommended dose is 400 mg once daily for 2 weeks followed by 200 mg thrice weekly for 22 weeks. After 24 weeks of Bedaquiline therapy, MDR-TB regimen should be continued as per national TB treatment guidelines. The observed prolongation of the QT interval and potentially fatal cardiac arrhythmia may or may not be related to interference with membrane associated cation transports.&#x0D; Aims and objective: To analyze  QTc Prolongation in patients who received Bedaquiline in District tuberculosis center at Rajkot.&#x0D; Material and method: All the patient who received and actively followed and developed QTc prolongation as Adverse Drug Reaction were included in the study. Demographic parameter and detailed information about ECG changes due to QTc Prolongation was noted from patient treatment sheet. Interim analysis was done in this study. Adverse drug reactions data was collected in Adverse Drug Reaction(ADR) form (version 1.3) by Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission. The ADR related data can be accessed through - https://vigiflow-in.who-umc.org.&#x0D; Result: Total 30 patient who received Tablet Bedaquiline were included in the study. Out of which 18 (60%) were males and 12 (40%) were females, Mean age of patient was 28.3 (years) ± 11.6 SD, Mean weight of patient was 48.2 (kg) ± 5.6 SD and 2 patient  died due to cardiac arrest.&#x0D; Statistical analysis: Descriptive analysis like mean, standard deviation and percentage was done using excel office version 2016.&#x0D; Conclusion: Long QTc prolongation was noted more among male patients weighing 41 to 50 kg. Among all the participant, majority were having QTc prolongation and two death were observed during treatment of Bedaquiline. The patients will be further followed up for outcome analysis.&#x0D; Keywords: Bedaquiline, QTc interval, adverse effect.</jats:p

Intravenous dexmedetomidine v/s tramadol on post spinal anaesthesia shivering: A randomized, double blind and interventional study

Introduction: Regional anaesthesia is widely used and safe anaesthetic technique. It leads to Intra/ post-operative shivering. There are various methods available to control. Tramadol is one of the most widely used to control shivering, however it is also associated with nausea and vomiting. Objective: To compare the efficacy of dexmedetomidine and tramadol in the treatment of post‑spinal anesthesia (SA) shivering as well as to compare their side‑effect profile. Methodology: This hospital based, prospective, randomized, double blinded, Superiority type of interventional study included 60 patients undergoing elective spinal anesthesia aged 20-60 years, ASA grade I and II, weighing 40-80 kilograms. Subjects were randomly allocated into two groups, to receive either 0.5 mcg/kg Dexmedetomidine (Group D) or 05 mg/kg Tramadol (or grpup T). The grade of shivering was assessed as per wrench (Grade 0:  no shivering, Grade 1:  One or more of the following: piloerection, peripheral vasoconstriction, peripheral cyanosis, but without visible muscles activity, Grade 2:  Visible muscle activity confined to one muscle group, Grade 3: Visible muscle activity in more than one muscle group and Grade 4:   Gross muscle activity involving the whole body). Result:  Shivering was eliminated in all the patients who received either dexmedetomidine or tramadol. Time for unset of shivering and grade of shivering is quite similar in both study groups. Time to cessation of shivering was significantly earlier with dexmedetomidine (174.3±12.5) as compare with tramadol (279.6±15.9). Nausea and vomiting is found significantly higher (P value = 0.024) with tramadol

The Evolving Landscape of Exosomes in Neurodegenerative Diseases : Exosomes Characteristics and a Promising Role in Early Diagnosis

Neurodegenerative diseases (ND) remains to be one of the biggest burdens on healthcare systems and serves as a leading cause of disability and death. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is among the most common of such disorders, followed by Parkinson’s disease (PD). The basic molecular details of disease initiation and pathology are still under research. Only recently, the role of exosomes has been linked to the initiation and progression of these neurodegenerative diseases. Exosomes are small bilipid layer enclosed extracellular vesicles, which were once considered as a cellular waste and functionless. These nano-vesicles of 30–150 nm in diameter carry specific proteins, lipids, functional mRNAs, and high amounts of non-coding RNAs (miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs). As the exosomes content is known to vary as per their originating and recipient cells, these vesicles can be utilized as a diagnostic biomarker for early disease detection. Here we review exosomes, their biogenesis, composition, and role in neurodegenerative diseases. We have also provided details for their characterization through an array of available techniques. Their updated role in neurodegenerative disease pathology is also discussed. Finally, we have shed light on a novel field of salivary exosomes as a potential candidate for early diagnosis in neurodegenerative diseases and compared the biomarkers of salivary exosomes with other blood/cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) based exosomes within these neurological ailmentsValiderad;2021;Nivå 2;2021-01-13 (johcin)</p

The Evolving Landscape of Exosomes in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Exosomes Characteristics and a Promising Role in Early Diagnosis

Neurodegenerative diseases (ND) remains to be one of the biggest burdens on healthcare systems and serves as a leading cause of disability and death. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is among the most common of such disorders, followed by Parkinson’s disease (PD). The basic molecular details of disease initiation and pathology are still under research. Only recently, the role of exosomes has been linked to the initiation and progression of these neurodegenerative diseases. Exosomes are small bilipid layer enclosed extracellular vesicles, which were once considered as a cellular waste and functionless. These nano-vesicles of 30–150 nm in diameter carry specific proteins, lipids, functional mRNAs, and high amounts of non-coding RNAs (miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs). As the exosomes content is known to vary as per their originating and recipient cells, these vesicles can be utilized as a diagnostic biomarker for early disease detection. Here we review exosomes, their biogenesis, composition, and role in neurodegenerative diseases. We have also provided details for their characterization through an array of available techniques. Their updated role in neurodegenerative disease pathology is also discussed. Finally, we have shed light on a novel field of salivary exosomes as a potential candidate for early diagnosis in neurodegenerative diseases and compared the biomarkers of salivary exosomes with other blood/cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) based exosomes within these neurological ailments.</jats:p