Impact of physical training on aerobic capacity on under-graduate students

Young people in this group bring a wide variety of skills, talents and levels of motivation to their learning in physical education. They are represented at all points of the physical activity. Students’ learning in physical education supports the overall vision of senior cycle education which is to develop students as resourceful, confident, engaged and active learners. Students grow in confidence and competence as they acquire the knowledge, skills and attitudes necessary to enjoy and succeed in a variety of physical activities while in senior cycle and in their future lives. Physical activity, in its many forms, provides the medium through which students learn in, through and about physical education. The purpose of the study was to find out the significant difference in among under-graduate students. 60 students between the ages of 18-23 years were selected for the study from Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, Meerut, Uttar-Pradesh. These subjects were further equally divided into groups i.e. 30 students (experimental group) and 30 students (control group). The subject’s age range was from 18 to 23 years. The consent form was collected from the subject before start in the experiment as the subjects were physically fit and having no disease which may affect the research. The assessment includes the dietary habits and daily schedule of the students. All the subjects were assessed for Aerobic capacity. To analyze the data, the dependent t-test was applied and it was found that the Aerobic capacity was found better after the treatment (training) was given to the under-graduate students. Keywords – Physical Training and Aerobic Capacity

In silico studies reveal antiviral effects of traditional Indian spices on COVID-19

BACKGROUND: The global health emergency due to SARS-CoV-2 causing the COVID-19 pandemic emphasized the scientific community to intensify their research work for its therapeutic solution. In this study, Indian traditional spices owing to various medicinal properties were tested in silico for their inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2 proteins. SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins (SP) and main proteases (Mpro) play a significant role in infection development were considered as potential drug targets. METHODS: A total of 75 phytochemicals present in traditional Indian spices retrieved from the published literature and Dr. Duke\u27s Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Database, were docked with Mpro (PDB IDs: 6YNQ), and the SP (PDB IDs: 6LXT and 6YOR). RESULTS: Through the screening process, 75 retrieved phytochemicals were docked with spike protein (PDB IDs: 6LXT and 6YOR) and main protease (PDB ID: 6YNQ) of SARS-CoV-2. Among them, myricetin, a flavonoid (rank score: 6LXT: -11.72383; 6YOR: -9.87943; 6YNQ: -11.68164) from Allium sativumL and Isovitexin, an example of flavone (rank score:6LXT: -12.14922; 6YOR: -10.19443; 6YNQ: - 12.60603) from Pimpinella anisumL were the most potent ligands against SP and Mproof SARS-CoV-2. Whereas, Astragalin from Crocus sativusL.; Rutin from Illicium verum, Oxyguttiferone from Garcinia cambogia; Scopolin from Apium graveolens L, Luteolin from Salvia officinalis, Emodin, Aloe-emodin from Cinnamomum zeylanicium and Apigenin from Allium sativumL showed better inhibition against Mpro than SP of SARS-CoV-2. The amino acid residues like SER, LYS, ASP and TYR were found playing important role in protein-ligand interactions via hydrogen bonding and Vander Waals forces. CONCLUSION: Optimal use of traditional spices in our daily meals may help fight against COVID-19. This study also paves the path for herbal drug formulation against SARS-CoV-2 after wet lab validation

ASSESSMENT OF DIURNAL CHANGE IN LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE OF THE UNION TERRITORY (UT) OF JAMMU AND KASHMIR, INDIA

Land Surface Temperature refers back to the calculation of ground temperature that is made with extraordinary factors. Due to changes in the land surface temperature of the area, the climate and vegetation are also affected. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) serves as an indicator of vegetation abundance to estimate the land surface temperature (LST) vegetation relationship. Landsat 7 ETM+ and Landsat 8 OLI TIRS images for four years (2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020) are used to study the LST changes in the research area (Jammu & Kashmir). Correlations between NDVI and LST are calculated. Through the study, it is clear that the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index plays a major role in the calculation of land surface temperature. In this study, the change in the higher temperature noted in the year 2005 was 200C, and in the year 2020, the highest temperature was 250C. If we talk about the lower temperature, the change is 10C. Both Jammu and Kashmir have semi-deciduous vegetation that includes subtropical pine forests

Preparation and evaluation of the ZnO NP-Ampicillin/Sulbactam nanoantibiotic: Optimization of formulation variables using RSM coupled GA method and antibacterial activities

Nanoparticles (NPs) possessing antibacterial activity represent an effective way of overcoming bacterial resistance. In the present work, we report a novel formulation of a nanoantibiotic formed using Ampicillin/sulbactam (Ams) and a zinc oxide nanoparticle (ZnO NP). ‘ZnO NP–Ams’ nanoantibiotic formulation is optimized using response surface methodology coupled genetic algorithm approach. The optimized formulation of nanoantibiotic (ZnO NP: 49.9 μg/mL; Ams: 33.6 μg/mL; incubation time: 27 h) demonstrated 15% enhanced activity compared to the unoptimized formulation against K. pneumoniae. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was directly proportional to the interaction time of nanoantibiotic and K. pneumoniae after the initial lag phase of ~18 h as evident from 2'-7'-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate assay. A low minimum inhibitory concentration (6.25 μg/mL) of nanoantibiotic formulation reveals that even a low concentration of nanoantibiotic can prove to be effective against K. pneumoniae. The importance of nanoantibiotic formulation is also evident by the fact that the 100 μg/mL of Ams and 25 μg of ZnO NP was required individually to inhibit the growth of K. pneumonia, whereas only 6.25 μg/mL of optimized nanoantibiotic formulation (ZnO NP and Ams in the ratio of 49.9: 33.6 in μg/mL and conjugation time of 27 h) was needed for the same

Electron excited multiply charged argon ions studied by means of an energy resolved electron-ion coincidence technique

Multiply charged argon ions produced from decay of L-shell hole states by impact of a continuous beam of 3.5 keV electrons are studied for the first time using an energy resolved electron-ion coincidence technique. The TOF spectra of argon ions are measured in coincidence with 18-energy selected electrons emitted in a wide energy range (126–242 eV). The coincidence measurement between the energy selected electrons and the correlated ions specifies the individual decay channel for various multiply charged ions. New experimental data are obtained and reported on the correlation probability for production of argon ions with charge states 1+ to 4+ as a function of ejected electrons in the considered energy range. The relative correlation probability of producing different charge state ions and corresponding physical processes involved in their production are presented and discussed. It has been found that the maximum probability for production of Ar2+ ions correlated to ejected Auger electrons in the energy range of 205–209 eV is 100%. No theoretical predictions are available to compare with these results. The present study shows further that not only the auto-ionization and normal Auger transitions but also several other decay processes including Coster-Kronig transitions followed by Auger cascades with a fraction of shake process play important role in producing ions with charge states 1+ to 4+

Spectral energy and angular distributions of bremsstrahlung radiation produced by 3.5 keV electrons in scattering with a free SF

Absolute double differential cross sections (DDCS) of bremsstrahlung (BS) radiation produced by 3.5 keV electrons in scattering with a free SF6 molecule were measured by using a Si-PIN photodiode detector in the angular detection range of 45°−110° relative to the direction of incident electrons. Angular distributions of the BS photons are found to be anisotropic. The experimental DDCS spectra are compared with the theoretical calculations obtained from atomic-field BS formulations of Kissel–Quarles–Pratt (KQP) using the “additivity hypothesis”. A fair agreement is observed between the measured results and those obtained from the KQP calculations for both the energy and the angular spectral distributions of BS radiation. The measured anisotropy of bremsstrahlung radiation is reproduced reasonably well by a modified Sommerfeld formula, if the relative velocity β is chosen to be half of the incident electron velocity β0. The measured anisotropy may be described by a parameter P, which is compared with the degree of polarisation obtained from theoretical calculations. Further, it is noted that the molecular weight, geometry and the number of constituent atoms present in the considered molecule do not seem to influence the usefulness of “additivity hypothesis”. In conclusion, the present results have once again corroborated the validity of “additivity hypothesis” for predicting the spectral distributions of molecular bremsstrahlung produced by keV-electrons

Absolute Double Differential Cross Sections of Bremsstrahlung Produced from 4.0 keV Electrons Incident on Free Ar Atoms

New results are reported on the measurements of absolute double differential cross sections (DDCSs) of bremsstrahlung produced from 4.0 keV electrons incident on free Ar atoms in the angular detection range of 45°–120°. A significant reduction of the thick target bremsstrahlung (TTB) of the chamber wall and of the photon transmission windows has been achieved by modifying the experimental set-up used previously; a large reduction of TTB in the present experiments is supported by the results of our model calculations for the ratio of TTB background to the normal bremsstrahlung (NB) spectrum carried out for the employed geometry of the experimental set-up. The results of photon energy distribution measured at different angles and those of angular distributions of photons of a given energy are compared with theoretical predictions of Kissel–Quarles–Pratt (KQP) theory for ordinary bremsstrahlung and with predictions of total bremsstrahlung including polarization bremsstrahlung (PBS) of the stripping approximation (SA). A satisfactory agreement observed between experiment and predictions using SA theory for absolute DDCSs of bremsstrahlung provides evidence for an appreciable contribution of polarization bremsstrahlung at the considered impact energy of electrons on one hand, while on the other hand, it exhibits a large discrepancy (about a factor of 2) in DDCSs of bremsstrahlung photons obtained by experiment and by KQP theory for photon energy distributions at all detection angles measured in these experiments. In addition, present results of the angular dependence of photons of different energies show anisotropic distributions and they are found to be in reasonable agreement with both KQP and SA theories. The satisfactory agreement between experiment and theory for angular distributions is an indication of a significant reduction of the background produced from TTB photons