Ratio of means and 95% confidence interval for comparing bone mineral content or density in urban and rural populations in high income countries.

<p>Symbol sizes are proportional to sample sizes. The overall effect size was derived from a random-effects model. LS: lumbar spine. WB: whole body. F: female. M: male.</p

Flow diagram of study selection process from initial search to included studies.

<p>Flow diagram of study selection process from initial search to included studies.</p

Study characteristics of the included articles.

<p>LMIC: low and middle income countries; HIC: high income countries; SPA: single photon absorptiometry; SXA: single-energy x-ray absorptiometry; DXA: dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry; U: Urban; R: Rural</p><p>Study characteristics of the included articles.</p

Additional file 1: Table S1. of Health needs, access to healthcare, and perceptions of ageing in an urbanizing community in India: a qualitative study

Differences in characteristics of urbanicity across villages in the study. (DOCX 61 kb

Characteristics of matched groups of RNM and RUM (sibs) with mean and SD.

<p>RNM, rural non-migrants; RUM, rural-to-urban migrants</p><p>PA, physical activity; BMI, body mass index</p><p>¹paired sample t-test</p><p>§chi-square test</p><p>*log transformed for statistical tests.</p><p>Characteristics of matched groups of RNM and RUM (sibs) with mean and SD.</p

Difference in BMDs and hip structural parameters between RUM and RNM with mean and 95% CI in the three models.

<p>¹linear trend</p><p>Crude; non adjusted, Height; adjusted for sex, height, age, and occupation type, All; additionally adjusted for smoking, alcohol consumption, MVPA, lean mass, fat mass and insulin.</p><p>Difference in BMDs and hip structural parameters between RUM and RNM with mean and 95% CI in the three models.</p

Additional file 1: of Development and evaluation of the Andhra Pradesh Children and Parent Study Physical Activity Questionnaire (APCAPS-PAQ): a cross-sectional study

A flowchart of recruitment and participation for criterion and construct validity studies for the Andhra Pradesh Children and Parents Study Physical Activity Questionnaire (APCAPS-PAQ) in 2009-2010. (PDF 39 kb

Difference between RUM and RNM in bone mineral density at lumbar spine (LS), total hip (TH), femoral neck (FN).

<p>Bars represent mean values with 95% CI for different models: crude, height, and fully adjusted.</p

Additional file 1 of Individualized lifestyle intervention in PCOS women (IPOS): a study protocol for a multicentric randomized controlled trial for evaluating the effectiveness of an individualized lifestyle intervention in PCOS women who wish to conceive

Additional file 1

L1L4 and L2L4 regions on whole body DXA scan.

<p>L1L4 and L2L4 regions on whole body DXA scan.</p