Oxytocin is lower in African American men with diabetes and associates with psycho-social and metabolic health factors.

ObjectiveRecently, it has been suggested that oxytocin (OT) has a role in metabolism and neuropsychiatry health and disease, and therefore, it may represent a potential therapeutic target. The current study aimed to investigate relationships between OT and glycemic status along with psycho-social and behavioral factors.Design and methodsA total of 92 obese or overweight, African American, male subjects were enrolled in the study. Biometric and biochemical data were collected including oral glucose tolerance testing and urinary OT (measured by ELISA). Subjects also completed questionnaires on social and lifestyle factors.ResultsOT levels were found to be significantly lower in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) compared to normal glucose tolerance (pConclusionsIn this unique population, OT was found lower in subjects with diabetes but higher with better renal function, cigarette smoking and use of psychiatric medications. Future studies are needed to confirm these findings and examine the potential therapeutic role of OT

Photochemische Wasserbehandlung mit einem KrCl*-Excimer-UV-Rundrohrstrahler in einem Flachbettreaktor

The gut microbiota is known to be related to type 2 diabetes (T2D), psychiatric conditions, and opioid use. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that variability in gut microbiota in T2D is associated with psycho-metabolic health.A cross-sectional study was conducted among African American men (AAM) (n = 99) that were outpatients at a Chicago VA Medical Center. The main outcome measures included fecal microbiota ecology (by 16S rRNA gene sequencing), psychiatric disorders including opioid use, and circulating leptin and oxytocin as representative hormone biomarkers for obesity and psychological pro-social behavior.The study subjects had prevalent overweight/obesity (78%), T2D (50%) and co-morbid psychiatric (65%) and opioid use (45%) disorders. In the analysis of microbiota, the data showed interactions of opioids, T2D and metformin with Bifidobacterium and Prevotella genera. The differential analysis of Bifidobacterium stratified by opioids, T2D and metformin, showed significant interactions among these factors indicating that the effect of one factor was changed by the other (FDR-adjusted p [q] < 0.01). In addition, the pair-wise comparison showed that participants with T2D not taking metformin had a significant 6.74 log2 fold increase in Bifidobacterium in opioid users as compared to non-users (q = 2.2 x 10-8). Since metformin was not included in this pair-wise comparison, the significant 'q' suggested association of opioid use with Bifidobacterium abundance. The differences in Bifidobacterium abundance could possibly be explained by opioids acting as organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1) inhibitors. Analysis stratified by lower and higher leptin and oxytocin (divided by the 50th percentile) in the subgroup without T2D showed lower Dialister in High-Leptin vs. Low-Leptin (p = 0.03). Contrary, the opposite was shown for oxytocin, higher Dialister in High-Oxytocin vs. Low-Oxytocin (p = 0.04).The study demonstrated for the first time that Bifidobacterium and Prevotella abundance was affected by interactions of T2D, metformin and opioid use. Also, in subjects without T2D Dialister abundance varied according to circulating leptin and oxytocin

Characteristics of male veterans by the tertiles of oxytocin level.

<p>Characteristics of male veterans by the tertiles of oxytocin level.</p

Stepwise ordered logistic regression analysis^* with oxytocin tertiles as the dependent variable.

<p>Stepwise ordered logistic regression analysis^{<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0190301#t003fn001" target="_blank">*</a>} with oxytocin tertiles as the dependent variable.</p

Oxytocin values by glycemic status.

<p>NGT = Normal glucose tolerance, IGT = Impaired glucose tolerance, IFG = Impaired fasting glucose.</p

Odds ratio (OR) for the highest vs. the lowest (reference) oxytocin level tertiles in male veterans.

<p>Odds ratio (OR) for the highest vs. the lowest (reference) oxytocin level tertiles in male veterans.</p

The interactive influence of opioids on Bifidobacterium genus in men with and without T2D.

<p>Data and analysis are the same as in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0194171#pone.0194171.g003" target="_blank">Fig 3</a>. (A) No difference between without vs. with opioids when both groups are without T2D. (B) 3.2 log2 fold increase in those with vs. without opioids when both groups have T2D (q = 2.5x10^-4).</p

Comparison of the gut microbiota among groups.

<p>Comparison of the gut microbiota among groups.</p

The interactive influence of metformin and opioids on gut microbiota in the subgroup with diabetes.

<p>The interactive influence of metformin and opioids on gut microbiota in the subgroup with diabetes.</p

The interactive influence of metformin on Bifidobacterium genus in men with T2D and using or not using opioids.

<p>Data are pair-wise comparisons for the relative sequence abundance of <i>Bifidobacterium</i>. The differential subgroup analysis was done using edgeR, the false discovery rate (FDR) adjusted p values (q values) were calculated using the Benjamini-Hochberg FDR correction. Abbreviations: 0/1 = factor absent/present. CPM = count per million, MF = metformin, Substance = opioids. (A) 6.74 log2 fold increase in <i>Bifidobacterium</i> in opioid users vs. non-users when both groups are not taking metformin (q = 2.2 x 10⁻⁸). (B) No difference between opioid users vs. non-users when both groups are taking metformin.</p