In-vitro susceptibility of multiple drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa to organic acids

Objectives: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a classic opportunistic pathogen with innate resistance to many antibiotics anddisinfectants. Resistance to antimicrobial agents makes it the most noxious organism to eliminate from infection site. Inview of its antimicrobial resistance, an attempt was made to study its susceptibility to various organic acids.Methods: Seven clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa resistant to multiple antibiotics were subjected to in vitro susceptibilityto various organic acids by broth dilution method to find out susceptibility to various organic acids.Results: The isolates of P. aeruginosa resistant to 14 antimicrobials were found susceptible to one percent oxalic acidand trichloroacetic acid, two percent lactic acid and citric acid, and three percent acetic acid. It is interesting to note thatstrains resistant to multiple antibiotics were also found susceptible to organic acids. Oxalic acid and trichloroacetic acidwere found highly effective.Conclusions: Clinical use of oxalic acid, trichloroacetic acid and lactic acid as topical agents to treat superficial pseudomonalinfections caused by difficult strains of P. aeruginosa may be recommended after confirmation of their toxicityand in vivo efficacy in animal models. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2013; 3(2): 67-70Key words: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Multiple Antibiotic Resistance, Susceptibility to Organic Acid

Citric acid: A potential permeabilizer against multiple drug resistance enteropathogenic Escherichia coli

Enteric diseases enter through the mouth and are usually spread by contaminated food, water or contact with contaminated vomit or feces. Enteric infection encompasses all the infections of the intestinal tract. These intestinal infections include organisms like Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Klebsiella, Proteus etc. Out of these, E. coli are one of the common causes of enteric infection. In spite the introduction of a wide variety of antimicrobial agents against enteric diseases, life threatening infections caused by E. coli contributes to morbidity and mortality in patients. The present study was conducted to determine the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of E. coli obtained from stool samples and potentiation of antibiotic activity by citric acid against multiple drug resistant E. coli. Out of the 200 isolates of E. coli, 150 were found to be resistant to one or more antibiotics tested. 0.05% and 0.1% citric acid was found to be effective in increasing the potency of the all the antibiotics used in the study

Detection of resistance to linezolid in Staphylococcus aureus infecting orthopedic patients

Context: In today′s medical scenario, the human race is battling the most intelligent enemy who has unending alternatives to combat with the potent elements they have produced against it. Aim: To study the resistance to linezolid among Staphylococcus aureus isolated from pus samples of orthopedic patients. Settings and Design: Pus samples were collected from dirty wounds of orthopedic patients undergoing long antimicrobial treatment programs. The sampling period was from July 2010 to June 2011. The samples were collected from different orthopedic hospitals of Nagpur (central India) representing a mixed sample of patients. Materials and Methods: One hundred pus samples were screened for S. aureus, by growth on mannitol salt agar (MSA), Baird-Parker agar (BPA), deoxyribonuclease test, tube coagulase test, and HiStaph latex agglutination test. Fifty-one S. aureus isolates were obtained which were further subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method (DDM). Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by an automated system, the VITEK 2 system. Also, Ezy MIC strip method was carried out in accordance with Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Results and Conclusion: Twelve linezolid-resistant S. aureus (LRSA) isolates were recovered from 51 S. aureus cultures tested for susceptibility to linezolid using the DDM, VITEK 2 system, and Ezy MIC strip method. The emergence of resistance suggests nosocomial spread and abuse of antibiotic