Proteomic Comparison of Fruit Ripening between ‘Hedelfinger’ Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium L.) and Its Somaclonal Variant ‘HS’

The somaclonal variant HS, from sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) ‘Hedelfinger’ (H), was previously selected for reduced tree vegetative vigor and lesser canopy density. In this work, we compared H and HS fruits at early unripe (green) and full ripe (dark red) stages by biochemical and proteomic approaches. The main biochemical parameters showed that fruit quality was not affected by somaclonal variation. The proteomic analysis identified 39 proteins differentially accumulated between H and HS fruits at the two ripening stages, embracing enzymes involved in several pathways, such as carbon metabolism, cell wall modification, stress response, and secondary metabolism. The evaluation of fruit phenolic composition by mass spectrometry showed that HS sweet cherries have higher levels of procyanidin, flavonol, and anthocyanin compounds. This work provides the first proteomic characterization of fruit ripening in sweet cherry, revealing new positive traits of the HS somaclonal variant

Additional file 3: of Root proteomic and metabolic analyses reveal specific responses to drought stress in differently tolerant grapevine rootstocks

Assignment of the functional bin code category of all proteins identified in roots of 101.14 and M4 rootstock genotypes (Table S3A and B) and functional classification of proteins showing significant changes in responses to WS (Table S3C). (XLSX 190 kb

Additional file 1: of Root proteomic and metabolic analyses reveal specific responses to drought stress in differently tolerant grapevine rootstocks

Table S1. Technical parameters concerning peptide validation and protein identification. (PDF 133 kb

RT- PCR espression analysis of selected genes that displayed differential accumulation on 2D protein maps.

<p>Total RNA was extracted from non treated plants (C) and samples treated with AgNO₃ and AgNPs. 18S rRNA, which displays constitutive expression in all samples, was used as internal control. * indicates values that are significantly different from control with p<0,05.</p

Two-dimensional electrophoresis.

<p>A) The differentially expressed protein spots in samples treated with AgNPs (dark labels) or with AgNO₃ (white labels) with respect to the control are marked on a representative 2-DE gel. The numbers correspond to the spots numbers listed in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0068752#pone.0068752.s005" target="_blank">Tables S2</a> and <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0068752#pone.0068752.s006" target="_blank">S3</a>. The spots that changed in both treatments are red labeled. B) Venn diagram showing the degree of overlap between significantly regulated proteins from the treatment with 10 mg Ag L⁻¹ of either PVP-AgNPs or AgNO₃. C) Functional classification of proteins that change significantly in relative abundance in AgNP- orAgNO₃- treated samples with respect to the control.</p

Concentration effects of PVP-AgNPs and AgNO3 on the root elongation of <i>Eruca sativa</i> after five days of exposure.

<p>^aSignificantly different from the control (p<0.05) and ^b significantly different from the AgNO₃ treatment (p<0.05).</p

Proteome changes in the skin of the grape cultivar Barbera among different stages of ripening-4

Ring five different ripening stages from until full ripening of cultivar Barbera grape berry skins. The stage (0 DAV) was considered as the moment when 50% of the berries started to change colour. Proteins were grouped according to their functions. Values are the mean ± SE of six 2-DE gels derived from two independent biological samples analyzed in triplicate.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Proteome changes in the skin of the grape cultivar Barbera among different stages of ripening"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/9/378</p><p>BMC Genomics 2008;9():378-378.</p><p>Published online 8 Aug 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2529320.</p><p></p

Transmission-electron micrographs of the roots of <i>Eruca sativa</i> exposed to 10 mgL^–1 of 10 nm AgNP.

<p>In A, B, C, the arrows indicate the location of the small dark deposits in the meristematiccells. v, vacuole; cw, cell wall, rer, rough endoplasmic reticulum. Magnification bar: 500 nm.</p

Proteome changes in the skin of the grape cultivar Barbera among different stages of ripening-3

E MIPS FunCat.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Proteome changes in the skin of the grape cultivar Barbera among different stages of ripening"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/9/378</p><p>BMC Genomics 2008;9():378-378.</p><p>Published online 8 Aug 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2529320.</p><p></p

Proteome changes in the skin of the grape cultivar Barbera among different stages of ripening-0

cultivar Barbera grape berries from until full ripening. The stage (58 days after blooming) was considered as the moment when 50% of the berries started to change colour. A, total soluble solids; B, titratable acidity; C, berry juice pH; D, total anthocyanin contents. The data are the means ± SE of three experiments run in triplicate (n = 9).<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Proteome changes in the skin of the grape cultivar Barbera among different stages of ripening"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/9/378</p><p>BMC Genomics 2008;9():378-378.</p><p>Published online 8 Aug 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2529320.</p><p></p